Abstract
A systematic survey during 2022–2024 was conducted in guava orchards and nurseries of Jind, Hisar and Bhiwani districts in Haryana to assess the incidence, diversity and community structure of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) and fungi associated with guava decline. A total of 150 samples of guava orchards were collected from Hisar, Jind and Bhiwani districts of Haryana, 105 were found infested with Meloidogyne incognita with a 70.0 % frequency of occurrence. Among 105 samples, 88 were found infested with M. incognita and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. psidii both with a disease incidence of 58.6 % during 2022–24. In guava nurseries, 44 samples (out of 60) were infected with M. incognita having a frequency of occurrence of 73.0 % and 27 were infected with nematode and fungus (45.0 %). Results revealed that M. incognita and F. oxysporum f.sp. psidii were identified as the most prominent pathogens causing guava decline. Community analysis confirmed M. incognita as the most frequent and dominant nematode species, with relative frequencies up to 24.6 % and densities up to 60.2 %, followed by Helicotylenchus and Hoplolaimus. Morphometric observations of M. incognita obtained from the current study were similar to those of its original description. Morphological identification of the fungus associated with guava decline was identified as F. oxysporum f.sp. psidii . The results revealed a strong association between M. incognita and F. oxysporum, contributing to the guava decline complex and highlight the role of nursery-borne inoculum in disease spread.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
In guava orchards, 105 of 150 samples were infested with Meloidogyne incognita, a 70.0 % occurrence frequency.
- Taxon
- guava
Psidium guajavae0 - Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognita
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogyne incognitae0pathogen - Outcome
- infested with Meloidogyne incognitae0
- Value
- 70.0 %e0
- Setting
- Hisar, Jind and Bhiwani districts of Haryanae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“150 samples of guava orchards were collected from Hisar, Jind and Bhiwani districts of Haryana, 105 were found infested with Meloidogyne incognita with a 70.0 % frequency of occurrence”
Claim · model-written summary
Among guava orchard samples, 88 contained both M. incognita and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. psidii, with 58.6 % disease incidence.
- Taxon
- guavaPsidium guajavat0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. psidii
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. psidiie0pathogen - Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Value
- 58.6 %e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“88 were found infested with M. incognita and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. psidii both with a disease incidence of 58.6 %”
t0“guava”
Claim · model-written summary
In guava nurseries, 44 of 60 samples had M. incognita, a 73.0 % occurrence frequency.
- Taxon
- guavaPsidium guajavae0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Outcome
- infected with M. incognitae0
- Value
- 73.0 %e0
- Setting
- guava nurseriese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In guava nurseries, 44 samples (out of 60) were infected with M. incognita having a frequency of occurrence of 73.0 %”
Claim · model-written summary
In guava nurseries, 27 samples were infected with both nematode and fungus, or 45.0 %.
- Taxon
- guavaPsidium guajavae0
- Second interactor
- funguse0pathogen
- Outcome
- infected with nematode and funguse0
- Value
- 45.0 %e0
- Setting
- guava nurseriese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In guava nurseries, 44 samples (out of 60) were infected with M. incognita having a frequency of occurrence of 73.0 % and 27 were infected with nematode and fungus (45.0 %)”
Claim · model-written summary
M. incognita and F. oxysporum f.sp. psidii were the prominent pathogens associated with guava decline.
- Taxon
- guavaPsidium guajavat0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- F. oxysporum f.sp. psidiiFusarium oxysporum f. sp. psidiie0pathogen
- Outcome
- most prominent pathogens causing guava declinee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“M. incognita and F. oxysporum f.sp. psidii were identified as the most prominent pathogens causing guava decline”
t0“guava”
Claim · model-written summary
M. incognita was the most frequent and dominant nematode in guava, reaching 24.6 % relative frequency.
- Taxon
- guavaPsidium guajavat0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Outcome
- relative frequenciese0
- Direction
- most frequente0
- Value
- 24.6 %e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“M. incognita as the most frequent and dominant nematode species, with relative frequencies up to 24.6 % and densities up to 60.2 %”
t0“guava”
Claim · model-written summary
M. incognita densities in guava reached 60.2 %.
- Taxon
- guavaPsidium guajavat0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Outcome
- densitiese0
- Value
- 60.2 %e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“M. incognita as the most frequent and dominant nematode species, with relative frequencies up to 24.6 % and densities up to 60.2 %”
t0“guava”
Claim · model-written summary
Helicotylenchus and Hoplolaimus followed M. incognita in guava nematode community dominance.
- Taxon
- guavaPsidium guajavat0
- Interactor
- Helicotylenchus
Helicotylenchuse0pathogen - Second interactor
- HoplolaimusHoplolaimuse0pathogen
- Outcome
- followed by Helicotylenchus and Hoplolaimuse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“followed by Helicotylenchus and Hoplolaimus”
t0“guava”
Claim · model-written summary
M. incognita morphometrics resembled its original description.
- Taxon
- guavaPsidium guajavat0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Outcome
- Morphometric observations of M. incognitae0
- Comparator
- its original descriptione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Morphometric observations of M. incognita obtained from the current study were similar to those of its original description”
t0“guava”
Claim · model-written summary
The fungus associated with guava decline was morphologically identified as F. oxysporum f.sp. psidii.
- Taxon
- guavaPsidium guajavae0
- Interactor
- F. oxysporum f.sp. psidiiFusarium oxysporum f. sp. psidiie0pathogen
- Outcome
- fungus associated with guava decline was identified as F. oxysporum f.sp. psidiie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Morphological identification of the fungus associated with guava decline was identified as F. oxysporum f.sp. psidii”
Claim · model-written summary
M. incognita and F. oxysporum were strongly associated in the guava decline complex.
- Taxon
- guavaPsidium guajavae0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- F. oxysporum
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporume0pathogen - Outcome
- guava decline complexe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“strong association between M. incognita and F. oxysporum, contributing to the guava decline complex”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors highlight nursery-borne inoculum as a contributor to disease spread in guava.
- Taxon
- guavaPsidium guajavat0
- Outcome
- disease spreade0
- Qualifier
- nursery-borne inoculume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highlight the role of nursery-borne inoculum in disease spread”
t0“guava”