Abstract
Abstract Nyssaceae is a family belonging to Cornales which is sister to Mastixiaceae. The floral development of Davidia involucrata and Nyssa sinensis is investigated using scanning electron microscopy to compare the floral ontogenesis among the genera of Nyssaceae and to evaluate the systematic importance of the floral features in Cornales. Davidia is bisexual with two kinds of floral units: staminate and bisexual, the latter with many staminate flowers and a central hermaphroditic flower. The merism of flowers is variable in both types of floral units. Young carpels are initiated independently from each other but become confluent by basal growth. Each carpel has a single ovule, which is unitegmic, hemitropous, and initially exposed. Nyssa sinensis is dioecious, and both staminate and carpellate reproductive units are closed and umbellate. The organ number is variable in staminate flowers but stable in carpellate flowers. There are occasional staminodes in carpellate flowers. Like in Davidia, the ovary is inferior with axile placentation and one hemitropous ovule in each locule. Davidia, Nyssa, and Camptotheca share reproductive units with an extremely shortened axis, complex breeding systems, decurrent stigmas, and hemitropous ovules. Diplostemonous stamens are also present in Mastixiaceae, which is a potential synapomorphy of the Nyssaceae-Mastixiaceae clade.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Davidia is bisexual with two kinds of floral units: staminate and bisexual units.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Davidia is bisexual with two kinds of floral units: staminate and bisexual, the latter with many staminate flowers and a central hermaphroditic flower”
Claim · model-written summary
Each carpel of Davidia has a single ovule that is unitegmic, hemitropous and initially exposed.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Davidia is bisexual with two kinds of floral units: staminate and bisexual, the latter with many staminate flowers and a central hermaphroditic flower”
e1“Each carpel has a single ovule, which is unitegmic, hemitropous, and initially exposed”
Claim · model-written summary
Nyssa sinensis is dioecious.
- Taxon
- Nyssa sinensis
Nyssa sinensise2 - Outcome
- dioeciouse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Nyssa sinensis is dioecious, and both staminate and carpellate reproductive units are closed and umbellate”
Claim · model-written summary
Staminate and carpellate reproductive units of Nyssa sinensis are closed and umbellate.
- Taxon
- Nyssa sinensisNyssa sinensise2
- Outcome
- staminate and carpellate reproductive unitse2
- Qualifier
- closed and umbellatee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Nyssa sinensis is dioecious, and both staminate and carpellate reproductive units are closed and umbellate”
Claim · model-written summary
Organ number is variable in staminate flowers but stable in carpellate flowers of Nyssa sinensis.
- Taxon
- Nyssa sinensisNyssa sinensise2
- Outcome
- organ numbere3
- Qualifier
- variable in staminate flowers but stable in carpellate flowerse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Nyssa sinensis is dioecious, and both staminate and carpellate reproductive units are closed and umbellate”
e3“The organ number is variable in staminate flowers but stable in carpellate flowers”
Claim · model-written summary
Occasional staminodes occur in carpellate flowers of Nyssa sinensis.
- Taxon
- Nyssa sinensisNyssa sinensise2
- Outcome
- staminodese4
- Qualifier
- occasionale4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Nyssa sinensis is dioecious, and both staminate and carpellate reproductive units are closed and umbellate”
e4“There are occasional staminodes in carpellate flowers”
Claim · model-written summary
The ovary of Nyssa sinensis is inferior with axile placentation.
- Taxon
- Nyssa sinensisNyssa sinensise2
- Outcome
- ovarye5
- Qualifier
- inferior with axile placentatione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Nyssa sinensis is dioecious, and both staminate and carpellate reproductive units are closed and umbellate”
e5“Like in Davidia, the ovary is inferior with axile placentation and one hemitropous ovule in each locule”
Claim · model-written summary
Davidia, Nyssa and Camptotheca share reproductive units with an extremely shortened axis and complex breeding systems.
- Taxon
- Davidia, Nyssa, and Camptotheca
Nyssa
Camptotheca
Davidiae6 - Outcome
- reproductive unitse6
- Qualifier
- an extremely shortened axis, complex breeding systemse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Davidia, Nyssa, and Camptotheca share reproductive units with an extremely shortened axis, complex breeding systems, decurrent stigmas, and hemitropous ovules”
Claim · model-written summary
Davidia, Nyssa and Camptotheca share decurrent stigmas and hemitropous ovules.
- Taxon
- Davidia, Nyssa, and CamptothecaNyssaCamptothecaDavidiae6
- Outcome
- decurrent stigmase6
- Qualifier
- hemitropous ovulese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Davidia, Nyssa, and Camptotheca share reproductive units with an extremely shortened axis, complex breeding systems, decurrent stigmas, and hemitropous ovules”
Claim · model-written summary
Diplostemonous stamens are present in Mastixiaceae.
Verbatim
e7“Diplostemonous stamens are also present in Mastixiaceae, which is a potential synapomorphy of the Nyssaceae-Mastixiaceae clade”
Claim · model-written summary
Diplostemonous stamens are a potential synapomorphy of the Nyssaceae-Mastixiaceae clade.
Verbatim
e7“Diplostemonous stamens are also present in Mastixiaceae, which is a potential synapomorphy of the Nyssaceae-Mastixiaceae clade”