Abstract
Fusarium wilt of banana, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), threatens global banana production. Resistant cultivars exhibit reduced disease incidence after successive ratoon cycles, but the underlying micro-ecological mechanisms remain unclear. This study represents the first longitudinal analysis of corm endophytic microbiota across ratoon cycles in banana, revealing temporal dynamics that underpin progressive disease resistance. A three-cycle field trial with three biological replicates per cultivar per cycle was conducted in a Foc-infested orchard in Guangxi, China. Corm tissues were sampled from resistant (‘Bao Dao Jiao’ and ‘Gui Jiao 9’) and susceptible ‘Williams B6’ bananas ( n = 3 biological replicates per group) at plant crop (cycle 1) and third ratoon (cycle 3). 16S rRNA amplicons were sequenced via Illumina NovaSeq. Alpha- and beta-diversity, taxonomic composition, and predicted functions (PICRUSt2) were analyzed. Resistant cultivars maintained significantly higher Chao1 and Shannon indices than the susceptible cultivar, with divergence intensified across ratoon cycles ( p < 0.05). Community structure was shaped primarily by cultivar rather than maternal health status. Resistant genotypes enriched Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria , alongside beneficial genera ( Halomonas , Nesterenkonia , Aliihoeflea ). Functional predictions revealed enrichment in carbohydrate metabolism, membrane transport, and xenobiotic degradation pathways in resistant cultivars. Disease incidence declined significantly from 34–39% (cycle 1) to 4–8% (cycle 3) in resistant cultivars, whereas susceptible cultivars remained at 44–59%. Resistant bananas continuously recruit beneficial endophytes during ratooning, assembling a stable microbiome that reinforces Fusarium wilt resistance. These findings provide microbial targets for breeding and biocontrol strategies.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Resistant cultivars had significantly higher Chao1 diversity than the susceptible cultivar.
Verbatim
e0“Resistant cultivars maintained significantly higher Chao1 and Shannon indices than the susceptible cultivar”
t0“bananas”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistant cultivars had significantly higher Shannon diversity than the susceptible cultivar.
Verbatim
e0“Resistant cultivars maintained significantly higher Chao1 and Shannon indices than the susceptible cultivar”
t0“bananas”
Claim · model-written summary
Endophyte diversity divergence intensified across ratoon cycles.
Verbatim
e0“with divergence intensified across ratoon cycles ( p < 0.05)”
e1“Resistant cultivars maintained significantly higher Chao1 and Shannon indices than the susceptible cultivar”
t0“bananas”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar shaped endophyte community structure more than maternal health status.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Community structure was shaped primarily by cultivar rather than maternal health status”
t0“bananas”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistant banana genotypes enriched Proteobacteria.
Verbatim
e0“Resistant genotypes enriched Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria , alongside beneficial genera ( Halomonas , Nesterenkonia , Aliihoeflea )”
t0“bananas”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistant banana genotypes enriched Actinobacteria.
Verbatim
e0“Resistant genotypes enriched Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria , alongside beneficial genera ( Halomonas , Nesterenkonia , Aliihoeflea )”
t0“bananas”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistant banana genotypes enriched Halomonas.
.jpg?width=60){kind=small}
HalomonasOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Resistant genotypes enriched Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria , alongside beneficial genera ( Halomonas , Nesterenkonia , Aliihoeflea )”
t0“bananas”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistant banana genotypes enriched Nesterenkonia.
Verbatim
e0“Resistant genotypes enriched Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria , alongside beneficial genera ( Halomonas , Nesterenkonia , Aliihoeflea )”
t0“bananas”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistant banana genotypes enriched Aliihoeflea.
Verbatim
e0“Resistant genotypes enriched Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria , alongside beneficial genera ( Halomonas , Nesterenkonia , Aliihoeflea )”
t0“bananas”
Claim · model-written summary
Predicted carbohydrate metabolism pathways were enriched in resistant cultivars.
Verbatim
e0“Functional predictions revealed enrichment in carbohydrate metabolism, membrane transport, and xenobiotic degradation pathways in resistant cultivars”
t0“bananas”
Claim · model-written summary
Predicted membrane transport pathways were enriched in resistant cultivars.
Verbatim
e0“Functional predictions revealed enrichment in carbohydrate metabolism, membrane transport, and xenobiotic degradation pathways in resistant cultivars”
t0“bananas”
Claim · model-written summary
Predicted xenobiotic degradation pathways were enriched in resistant cultivars.
Verbatim
e0“Functional predictions revealed enrichment in carbohydrate metabolism, membrane transport, and xenobiotic degradation pathways in resistant cultivars”
t0“bananas”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium wilt incidence in resistant bananas fell from 34–39% in cycle 1 to 4–8% in cycle 3.
- Taxon
- bananast0
- Material
- resistant cultivarse0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubensee2pathogen - Outcome
- Disease incidencee0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Value
- 34–39% (cycle 1) to 4–8% (cycle 3)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Disease incidence declined significantly from 34–39% (cycle 1) to 4–8% (cycle 3) in resistant cultivars”
t0“bananas”
e1“Fusarium wilt of banana, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc)”
e2“Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium wilt incidence in susceptible cultivars stayed at 44–59% across cycles.
- Taxon
- bananast0
- Material
- susceptible cultivarse0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubenseFusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubensee1pathogene2
- Outcome
- Fusarium wilte2
- Direction
- remainede0
- Value
- 44–59%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“susceptible cultivars remained at 44–59%”
t0“bananas”
e1“Fusarium wilt of banana, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc)”
e2“Fusarium wilt of banana”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors interpret continued endophyte recruitment as reinforcing Fusarium wilt resistance.
Verbatim
e0“Resistant bananas continuously recruit beneficial endophytes during ratooning, assembling a stable microbiome that reinforces Fusarium wilt resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors propose microbial targets for breeding and biocontrol strategies.
Verbatim
e0“These findings provide microbial targets for breeding and biocontrol strategies”
t0“bananas”