Abstract
The use of naturally occurring microbial antagonists to suppress plant diseases offers a favorable alternative to classical methods of plant protection. The soybean epiphyte, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae strain 22d/93 (Pss22d), shows a strong potential to control P. syringae pv. glycinea (Psg), the causal agent of bacterial blight of soybean. Its antagonism against Psg being highly reproducible even in field trials, the involved suppression mechanisms are of special interest. In the current work we demonstrated that Pss22d produced a significant higher amount of siderophores than the pathogen Psg. While both Pss22d and Psg produce the same siderophores, achromobactin and pyoverdin, regulation of siderophore biosynthesis strongly differs. Epiphytic fitness of Pss22d mutants defective in siderophore biosynthesis was determined following spray inoculation of soybean leaves. The siderophore-negative mutant Pss22dDeltaSid reached a population size two orders of magnitude lower than that of the wild type 10 days after inoculation. This growth deficiency was compensated when wound inoculation was applied, indicating the availability of iron in the presence of small lesions on the leaves. Our results suggest an indirect effect of siderophore production on the biocontrol ability of Pss22d. Though siderophore-defective mutants of Pss22d still suppressed development of bacterial blight caused by Psg, siderophore production enhanced the epiphytic fitness and thereby, the competitiveness of the antagonist.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Pss22d produced a significantly higher amount of siderophores than the pathogen Psg
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Interactor
- Pss22de2biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- Psge2pathogen
- Outcome
- amount of siderophorese2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- the pathogen Psge2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The soybean epiphyte, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae strain 22d/93 (Pss22d)”
e2“Pss22d produced a significant higher amount of siderophores than the pathogen Psg”
Claim · model-written summary
Pss22d and Psg regulate siderophore biosynthesis differently despite producing the same siderophores
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Interactor
- Pss22de3biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- Psge3pathogen
- Compound
- achromobactin and pyoverdine3
- Outcome
- regulation of siderophore biosynthesise3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The soybean epiphyte, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae strain 22d/93 (Pss22d)”
e3“While both Pss22d and Psg produce the same siderophores, achromobactin and pyoverdin, regulation of siderophore biosynthesis strongly differs”
Claim · model-written summary
The siderophore-negative mutant reached a population two orders of magnitude lower than the wild type on soybean leaves
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe5
- Material
- Pss22dDeltaSide4
- Treatment
- spray inoculatione5
- Interactor
- Pss22dDeltaSide4biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- population sizee4
- Direction
- lowere4
- Value
- two orders of magnitudee4
- Qualifier
- 10 days after inoculatione4
- Comparator
- the wild typee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The soybean epiphyte, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae strain 22d/93 (Pss22d)”
e4“The siderophore-negative mutant Pss22dDeltaSid reached a population size two orders of magnitude lower than that of the wild type 10 days after inoculation”
e5“Epiphytic fitness of Pss22d mutants defective in siderophore biosynthesis was determined following spray inoculation of soybean leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Wound inoculation compensated the growth deficiency of the siderophore-negative mutant on soybean
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe5
- Treatment
- wound inoculatione6
- Outcome
- growth deficiencye6
- Direction
- compensatede6
- Qualifier
- indicating the availability of iron in the presence of small lesions on the leavese6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Epiphytic fitness of Pss22d mutants defective in siderophore biosynthesis was determined following spray inoculation of soybean leaves”
e6“This growth deficiency was compensated when wound inoculation was applied, indicating the availability of iron in the presence of small lesions on the leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Siderophore production has an indirect effect on the biocontrol ability of Pss22d
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Interactor
- Pss22de7biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- biocontrol abilitye7
- Qualifier
- indirect effect of siderophore productione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The soybean epiphyte, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae strain 22d/93 (Pss22d)”
e7“Our results suggest an indirect effect of siderophore production on the biocontrol ability of Pss22d”
Claim · model-written summary
Siderophore-defective mutants of Pss22d still suppressed bacterial blight caused by Psg
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- siderophore-defective mutants of Pss22de2
- Interactor
- Psge2pathogen
- Second interactor
- siderophore-defective mutants of Pss22de2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- development of bacterial blighte2
- Direction
- suppressede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The soybean epiphyte, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae strain 22d/93 (Pss22d)”
e2“Though siderophore-defective mutants of Pss22d still suppressed development of bacterial blight caused by Psg”
Claim · model-written summary
Siderophore production enhanced epiphytic fitness and competitiveness of Pss22d on soybean
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- siderophore productione2
- Interactor
- the antagoniste2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- epiphytic fitnesse2
- Direction
- enhancede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The soybean epiphyte, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae strain 22d/93 (Pss22d)”
e2“siderophore production enhanced the epiphytic fitness and thereby, the competitiveness of the antagonist”