Abstract
Abstract Nucellar apomixis is truly clonal and is a powerful tool for broadening the genetic base of crops. Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.), the ‘King of Spices’ is difficult to improve through conventional breeding. Although transgenesis and genome editing are prime strategies for rapid crop improvement, recalcitrance hinders genetic modifications. Here, we report a highly efficient Agrobacterium-mediated procedure for generating genetically modified black pepper plants using nucellar apomixis-derived embryos of the varieties Sreekara and Karimunda, with a 99% survival rate. Both Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Agrobacterium rhizogenes were efficient in transformation, and the AGL1 strain harboring the plasmid with mgfp achieved >90% frequency following 20 min in the infection medium, 30 s sonication, 10 min vacuum infiltration, and 4 days of cocultivation. Sugar type determined embryonal taproot development and soil establishment. Glucose-supplemented medium produced plantlets with well-developed root systems that displayed a high expression of PnPIN2. Transgenic plantlets survival ex vitro from glucose-supplemented liquid medium was 99%. The genome-editing efficiency of Pds using CRISPR/Cas9 was 89%. Agroinfiltration of black pepper in this study is useful for high-throughput screening of disease resistance. Composite plants of black pepper generated at >60% efficacy is an easy strategy to develop plants expressing disease-resistant genes in roots to reduce yield loss, especially by root-rot. This study demonstrates that black pepper is an easy-to-transform crop, which reinforces speedy trait development through genetic modifications. Scale-up using temporary immersion bioreactors in this study fast-track high throughput accomplishment of untransformed/transformed/genome edited plants empower the market demand for black pepper.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
The nucellar embryo transformation procedure generated modified black pepper with 99% survival.
Verbatim
e0“generating genetically modified black pepper plants using nucellar apomixis-derived embryos of the varieties Sreekara and Karimunda, with a 99% survival rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Agrobacterium tumefaciens transformed black pepper efficiently.
- Taxon
- black peppert0
- Treatment
- Agrobacterium tumefaciense0
- Interactor
- Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Agrobacterium tumefaciense0other - Outcome
- efficient in transformatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Agrobacterium rhizogenes were efficient in transformation”
t0“black pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Agrobacterium rhizogenes transformed black pepper efficiently.
- Taxon
- black peppert0
- Treatment
- Agrobacterium rhizogenese0
- Interactor
- Agrobacterium rhizogenese0other
- Outcome
- efficient in transformatione0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Both Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Agrobacterium rhizogenes were efficient in transformation”
t0“black pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
AGL1 carrying mgfp achieved over 90% transformation frequency under the stated procedure.
Verbatim
e0“the AGL1 strain harboring the plasmid with mgfp achieved >90% frequency following 20 min in the infection medium, 30 s sonication, 10 min vacuum infiltration, and 4 days of cocultivation”
t0“black pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Sugar type determined embryonal taproot development and soil establishment.
- Taxon
- black peppert0
- Treatment
- Sugar typee0
- Outcome
- embryonal taproot development and soil establishmente0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Sugar type determined embryonal taproot development and soil establishment.”
t0“black pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Glucose supplemented medium yielded plantlets with developed roots.
- Taxon
- black peppert0
- Organ / stage
- plantletse0
- Treatment
- Glucose-supplemented mediume0
- Outcome
- well-developed root systemse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Glucose-supplemented medium produced plantlets with well-developed root systems”
t0“black pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Plantlets from glucose supplemented medium had high PnPIN2 expression.
Verbatim
e0“Glucose-supplemented medium produced plantlets with well-developed root systems that displayed a high expression of PnPIN2.”
t0“black pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Transgenic plantlets from glucose supplemented liquid medium survived ex vitro at 99%.
Verbatim
e0“Transgenic plantlets survival ex vitro from glucose-supplemented liquid medium was 99%.”
t0“black pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
CRISPR/Cas9 editing of Pds reached 89% efficiency.
Verbatim
e0“The genome-editing efficiency of Pds using CRISPR/Cas9 was 89%.”
t0“black pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Composite black pepper plants were generated at over 60% efficacy.
Verbatim
e0“Composite plants of black pepper generated at >60% efficacy”
Claim · model-written summary
Black pepper agroinfiltration was useful for disease resistance screening.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Agroinfiltration of black pepper in this study is useful for high-throughput screening of disease resistance.”
Claim · model-written summary
Temporary immersion bioreactors scaled production of modified and unmodified black pepper plants.
- Taxon
- black peppert0
- Treatment
- temporary immersion bioreactorse0
- Outcome
- high throughput accomplishment of untransformed/transformed/genome edited plantse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Scale-up using temporary immersion bioreactors in this study fast-track high throughput accomplishment of untransformed/transformed/genome edited plants”
t0“black pepper”