Abstract
Abstract This paper aimed to develop and evaluate a sprayer tailored for grape trellis systems in Egyptian orchards. The developed sprayer was assessed at three forward speeds (2.4, 3.4, and 4.6 km h −1 ), two types of spray nozzle types (flat-fan and hollow-cone), and two nozzle-to-leaf distances (40 and 60 cm), and three operating pressures (10, 15, and 20 bar). The results showed that the highest droplet density (197 droplets/cm 2 ) was achieved with flat-fan nozzles at an operating pressure of 20 bar and a forward speed of 2.4 km h −1 . In contrast, the lowest droplet density (73 droplets/cm 2 ) occurred at the highest forward speed of 4.6 km h −1 . Furthermore, the mean droplet diameter decreased with increasing pressure; the smallest overall was 170 μm with the hollow-cone nozzle at an operating pressure of 20 bar and a forward speed of 4.6 km h −1 . The maximum field capacity of 3.32 fed/h was recorded with a flat-fan nozzle, 10 bar pressure, and a forward speed of 4.6 km h −1 .
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Flat-fan nozzles at 20 bar and 2.4 km h −1 achieved the highest droplet density, 197 droplets/cm 2.
Verbatim
e0“the highest droplet density (197 droplets/cm 2 ) was achieved with flat-fan nozzles at an operating pressure of 20 bar and a forward speed of 2.4 km h −1”
t0“grape”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest forward speed gave the lowest droplet density, 73 droplets/cm 2.
Verbatim
e0“the lowest droplet density (73 droplets/cm 2 ) occurred at the highest forward speed of 4.6 km h −1”
t0“grape”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean droplet diameter decreased as pressure increased.
Verbatim
e0“the mean droplet diameter decreased with increasing pressure”
t0“grape”
Claim · model-written summary
The smallest mean droplet diameter was 170 μm with the hollow-cone nozzle at 20 bar and 4.6 km h −1.
Verbatim
e0“the smallest overall was 170 μm with the hollow-cone nozzle at an operating pressure of 20 bar and a forward speed of 4.6 km h −1”
t0“grape”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum field capacity was 3.32 fed/h with a flat-fan nozzle at 10 bar and 4.6 km h −1.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum field capacity of 3.32 fed/h was recorded with a flat-fan nozzle, 10 bar pressure, and a forward speed of 4.6 km h −1”
t0“grape”