Paper · 2026 · Discover Sustainability

Physicochemical properties of different bamboo species and their evaluation for pulping potential

Lixin Lei; Yinwei Qiu; Kangmin Chen; et al.

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claims
20
verbatim quotes
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citations
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Open access · cc-by-nc-nd

Abstract

To enhance the role of bamboo as a high-yield timber substitute, this study evaluates the silvicultural potential and pulping properties of Dendrocalamus minor var. amoenus, Bambusa chungii, and Bambusa emeiensis. Analysis of fiber morphology across all species met industrial standards (lengths > 1.6 mm, ratios > 100), with D. minor var. amoenus exhibiting superior morphological characteristics (3 mm length; 174.14 ratio). Chemical profiling and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified B. emeiensis as the premier raw material, driven by its high cellulose (56.31%) and low ash (1.30%) content. Investigation into age-related variations revealed that fiber quality (P > 0.05) and cellulose content(P < 0.05) decrease with maturity, while lignin content generally increases (P < 0.05). Although 1-year-old culms offer peak technical properties for papermaking, harvesting at this stage compromises forest regeneration and long-term stand productivity. Consequently, from a resource management perspective, this study recommends a 2-year harvesting cycle to achieve an optimal balance between material quality and sustainable forest utilization. These findings provide a scientific framework for optimizing bamboo plantation management, supporting the transition toward a bamboo-based economy and providing a renewable, low-carbon alternative to traditional wood pulp.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-nd. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 11

Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Fiber morphology in all three bamboo species met industrial standards.

Taxon
bambooBambuseaet0
Outcome
fiber morphologye0
Value
lengths > 1.6 mm, ratios > 100e0

Verbatim

e0

“Analysis of fiber morphology across all species met industrial standards (lengths > 1.6 mm, ratios > 100)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 214–319 · show in text ↑
t0

“bamboo species”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 40–54 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

D. minor var. amoenus had superior fiber morphology, with 3 mm length and a 174.14 ratio.

Taxon
D. minor var. amoenusDendrocalamus minor var. amoenuse0
Outcome
morphological characteristicse0
Direction
superiore0
Value
3 mm length; 174.14 ratioe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Dendrocalamus minor var. amoenus
Dendrocalamus minor var. amoenus · Taxon · picture of the speciesDaderot · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“D. minor var. amoenus exhibiting superior morphological characteristics (3 mm length; 174.14 ratio)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 326–425 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

B. emeiensis was identified as the premier raw material for pulping.

Taxon
B. emeiensisBambusa emeiensise0
Outcome
premier raw materiale0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Bambusa emeiensis
Bambusa emeiensis · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons category[Photograph by L.-J. Yang] Yang L-J, Yang L, Chang Z-M, Chen X-S (2019) Two new species of the tribe Hemisphaeriini (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Issidae) from sou · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“identified B. emeiensis as the premier raw material, driven by its high cellulose (56.31%) and low ash (1.30%) content”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 485–603 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

B. emeiensis had high cellulose content of 56.31%.

Taxon
B. emeiensisBambusa emeiensise0
Outcome
cellulosee0
Direction
highe0
Value
56.31%e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Bambusa emeiensis
Bambusa emeiensis · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons category[Photograph by L.-J. Yang] Yang L-J, Yang L, Chang Z-M, Chen X-S (2019) Two new species of the tribe Hemisphaeriini (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Issidae) from sou · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“B. emeiensis as the premier raw material, driven by its high cellulose (56.31%) and low ash (1.30%) content”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 496–603 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

B. emeiensis had low ash content of 1.30%.

Taxon
B. emeiensisBambusa emeiensise0
Outcome
ashe0
Direction
lowe0
Value
1.30%e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Bambusa emeiensis
Bambusa emeiensis · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons category[Photograph by L.-J. Yang] Yang L-J, Yang L, Chang Z-M, Chen X-S (2019) Two new species of the tribe Hemisphaeriini (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Issidae) from sou · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“B. emeiensis as the premier raw material, driven by its high cellulose (56.31%) and low ash (1.30%) content”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 496–603 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Bamboo fiber quality decreased with maturity.

Taxon
bambooBambuseaet0
Organ / stage
maturitye0
Outcome
fiber qualitye0
Direction
decreasee0

Verbatim

e0

“fiber quality (P > 0.05) and cellulose content(P < 0.05) decrease with maturity”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 661–740 · show in text ↑
t0

“bamboo species”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 40–54 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Bamboo cellulose content decreased significantly with maturity.

Taxon
bambooBambuseaet0
Organ / stage
maturitye0
Outcome
cellulose contente0
Direction
decreasee0

Verbatim

e0

“fiber quality (P > 0.05) and cellulose content(P < 0.05) decrease with maturity”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 661–740 · show in text ↑
t0

“bamboo species”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 40–54 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Bamboo lignin content generally increased significantly with maturity.

Taxon
bambooBambuseaet0
Organ / stage
maturitye1
Outcome
lignin contente0
Direction
increasese0

Verbatim

e0

“lignin content generally increases (P < 0.05)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 748–793 · show in text ↑
e1

“decrease with maturity”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 718–740 · show in text ↑
t0

“bamboo species”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 40–54 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

One-year-old bamboo culms offered peak technical properties for papermaking.

Taxon
bambooBambuseaet0
Organ / stage
1-year-old culmse0
Outcome
technical properties for papermakinge0
Direction
peake0

Verbatim

e0

“1-year-old culms offer peak technical properties for papermaking”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 804–868 · show in text ↑
t0

“bamboo species”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 40–54 · show in text ↑
Associationauthor interpretationoriginal resultnegativebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Harvesting one-year-old bamboo culms compromises forest regeneration and long-term stand productivity.

Taxon
bambooBambuseaet0
Organ / stage
1-year-old culmse1
Outcome
forest regeneration and long-term stand productivitye0
Direction
compromisese0

Verbatim

e0

“harvesting at this stage compromises forest regeneration and long-term stand productivity”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 870–959 · show in text ↑
e1

“1-year-old culms offer peak technical properties”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 804–852 · show in text ↑
t0

“bamboo species”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 40–54 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors recommend a two-year bamboo harvest cycle to balance material quality and forest use.

Taxon
bambooBambuseaet0
Outcome
2-year harvesting cyclee0

Verbatim

e0

“this study recommends a 2-year harvesting cycle to achieve an optimal balance between material quality and sustainable forest utilization”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1015–1152 · show in text ↑
t0

“bamboo species”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 40–54 · show in text ↑