Abstract
High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Aminophenoxazinones (APOs) are potent phytotoxic metabolites and histone deacetylase inhibitors, offering a low-resistance bioherbicide profile. This research synthesized a library of APO derivatives with targeted modifications to optimize physicochemical properties and biological activity using oxidative cyclocondensation. Purification challenges from strong compound-solid phase interactions were overcome by using centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC). Phytotoxicity was screened against Lolium rigidum, Portulaca oleracea, and Plantago lanceolata . While germination remained largely unaffected, compounds 10 and 11 caused significant root inhibition (77% and 89%, respectively for P. oleracea ) at 1000 μM. Specifically, 11 reached inhibition levels comparable to the positive control, pendimethalin (86% for P. oleracea ). Following a detailed structure–activity relationship analysis, 10 emerged as the most potent candidate, exhibiting an IC 50 of 4.5 μM against P. oleracea roots, considerably lower than that of natural APO (332.5 μM). These findings strongly validate this rational design and purification strategy, positioning 10 as a valuable agrochemical lead for sustainable weed management.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Germination of the screened weeds remained largely unaffected.
- Taxon
- Lolium rigidum, Portulaca oleracea, and Plantago lanceolata
Plantago lanceolata
Portulaca oleracea
Lolium rigidumt0 - Treatment
- compounds 10 and 11e0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- largely unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While germination remained largely unaffected, compounds 10 and 11 caused significant root inhibition (77% and 89%, respectively for P. oleracea ) at 1000 μM.”
t0“Lolium rigidum, Portulaca oleracea, and Plantago lanceolata”
Claim · model-written summary
compounds 10 significantly inhibited P. oleracea roots by 77% at 1000 μM.
- Taxon
- P. oleraceaPortulaca oleraceae0
- Treatment
- compounds 10e0
- Outcome
- root inhibitione0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 77%e0
- Qualifier
- 1000 μMe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While germination remained largely unaffected, compounds 10 and 11 caused significant root inhibition (77% and 89%, respectively for P. oleracea ) at 1000 μM.”
Claim · model-written summary
11 significantly inhibited P. oleracea roots by 89% at 1000 μM.
- Taxon
- P. oleraceaPortulaca oleraceae0
- Treatment
- 11e0
- Outcome
- root inhibitione0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 89%e0
- Qualifier
- 1000 μMe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While germination remained largely unaffected, compounds 10 and 11 caused significant root inhibition (77% and 89%, respectively for P. oleracea ) at 1000 μM.”
Claim · model-written summary
Compound 11 root inhibition was comparable to pendimethalin in P. oleracea.
- Taxon
- P. oleraceaPortulaca oleraceae0
- Treatment
- 11e0
- Outcome
- inhibition levelse0
- Direction
- comparablee0
- Qualifier
- 86%e0
- Comparator
- pendimethaline0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Specifically, 11 reached inhibition levels comparable to the positive control, pendimethalin (86% for P. oleracea ).”
Claim · model-written summary
Compound 10 had IC 50 of 4.5 μM against P. oleracea roots, lower than natural APO.
- Taxon
- P. oleraceaPortulaca oleraceae0
- Treatment
- 10e0
- Outcome
- IC 50e0
- Direction
- considerably lowere0
- Value
- 4.5 μMe0
- Qualifier
- 332.5 μMe0
- Comparator
- natural APOe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Following a detailed structure–activity relationship analysis, 10 emerged as the most potent candidate, exhibiting an IC 50 of 4.5 μM against P. oleracea roots, considerably lower than that of natural APO (332.5 μM).”