Paper · 2026 · Frontiers in Plant Science

Indigenous Bradyrhizobium strains enhance nodulation and yield of early maturing soybean in Belgium

Margo Vermeersch; Paul Quataert; Chris Van Waes; et al.

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claims
18
verbatim quotes
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citations
3
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Open access · cc-by

Abstract

The use of commercial inoculants in Northwestern European soybean cultivation often leads to inconsistent nodulation and yield performance. This study investigates four indigenous Bradyrhizobium strains isolated in Belgium, through a combination of controlled growth chamber experiments and multi-year, multi-location field trials. Results show that the indigenous strains can effectively nodulate early maturing soybean varieties (MG00-000) and significantly improve chlorophyll content and key agronomic traits, including shoot biomass, grain yield and protein content. While no significant differences between strains were detected in growth chamber experiments, field trials revealed variation in strain nodulation and yield characteristics, with two indigenous strains, 521_C7_N1.3 and 590_E5_N4.2, performing comparably or even superior to Bradyrhizobium strains of commercial inoculants (i.e. G49 and 532C). High-Throughput Field Phenotyping (HTFP) using drones confirms strong correlations between rhizobial inoculation and plant vigor throughout the growing season. This approach provided valuable temporal insights into plant growth dynamics and proved to be an effective complementary tool for assessing inoculant performance. Overall, the findings highlight the potential of indigenous Bradyrhizobium strains to enhance soybean productivity in Northwestern Europe, particularly under the climatic and soil conditions of Belgium.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 7

Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The indigenous Bradyrhizobium strains effectively nodulated early maturing soybean varieties (MG00-000).

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxe0
Treatment
indigenous strainse0
Interactor
BradyrhizobiumBradyrhizobiumt1symbiont
Outcome
nodulatee0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Bradyrhizobium
Bradyrhizobium · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Louisa Howard - Dartmouth Electron Microscope Facility · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“the indigenous strains can effectively nodulate early maturing soybean varieties (MG00-000)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 350–441 · show in text ↑
t1

“Bradyrhizobium”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 11–25 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The indigenous Bradyrhizobium strains significantly improved chlorophyll content of early maturing soybean.

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxt0
Treatment
Indigenous Bradyrhizobium strainst1
Interactor
BradyrhizobiumBradyrhizobiumt1symbiont
Outcome
chlorophyll contente0
Direction
improvee0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Bradyrhizobium
Bradyrhizobium · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Louisa Howard - Dartmouth Electron Microscope Facility · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“significantly improve chlorophyll content”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 446–487 · show in text ↑
t0

“soybean”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 81–88 · show in text ↑
t1

“Indigenous Bradyrhizobium strains”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–33 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The indigenous Bradyrhizobium strains significantly improved shoot biomass, grain yield and protein content of early maturing soybean.

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxt0
Treatment
Indigenous Bradyrhizobium strainst1
Interactor
BradyrhizobiumBradyrhizobiumt1symbiont
Outcome
shoot biomass, grain yield and protein contente0
Direction
improvee0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Bradyrhizobium
Bradyrhizobium · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Louisa Howard - Dartmouth Electron Microscope Facility · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“significantly improve chlorophyll content and key agronomic traits, including shoot biomass, grain yield and protein content”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 446–570 · show in text ↑
t0

“soybean”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 81–88 · show in text ↑
t1

“Indigenous Bradyrhizobium strains”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–33 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

No significant differences between the indigenous strains were detected in growth chamber experiments.

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxt0
Interactor
BradyrhizobiumBradyrhizobiumt1symbiont
Outcome
differences between strainse0
Setting
growth chamber experimentse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Bradyrhizobium
Bradyrhizobium · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Louisa Howard - Dartmouth Electron Microscope Facility · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“no significant differences between strains were detected in growth chamber experiments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 578–664 · show in text ↑
t0

“soybean”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 81–88 · show in text ↑
t1

“Bradyrhizobium”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 11–25 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Field trials revealed variation among strains in nodulation and yield characteristics of soybean.

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxt0
Interactor
BradyrhizobiumBradyrhizobiumt1symbiont
Outcome
variation in strain nodulation and yield characteristicse0
Setting
field trialse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Bradyrhizobium
Bradyrhizobium · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Louisa Howard - Dartmouth Electron Microscope Facility · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“field trials revealed variation in strain nodulation and yield characteristics”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 666–744 · show in text ↑
t0

“soybean”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 81–88 · show in text ↑
t1

“Bradyrhizobium”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 11–25 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In field trials two indigenous strains, 521_C7_N1.3 and 590_E5_N4.2, performed comparably or even superior to the Bradyrhizobium strains G49 and 532C of commercial inoculants.

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxt0
Treatment
two indigenous strains, 521_C7_N1.3 and 590_E5_N4.2e0
Interactor
BradyrhizobiumBradyrhizobiume0symbiont
Outcome
performing comparably or even superiore0
Direction
comparably or even superiore0
Comparator
Bradyrhizobium strains of commercial inoculants (i.e. G49 and 532C)e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Bradyrhizobium
Bradyrhizobium · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Louisa Howard - Dartmouth Electron Microscope Facility · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“with two indigenous strains, 521_C7_N1.3 and 590_E5_N4.2, performing comparably or even superior to Bradyrhizobium strains of commercial inoculants (i.e. G49 and 532C)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 746–913 · show in text ↑
t0

“soybean”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 81–88 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

High-throughput field phenotyping using drones showed strong correlations between rhizobial inoculation and plant vigor throughout the growing season.

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxt0
Treatment
rhizobial inoculatione0
Outcome
plant vigore0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“High-Throughput Field Phenotyping (HTFP) using drones confirms strong correlations between rhizobial inoculation and plant vigor throughout the growing season”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 915–1073 · show in text ↑
t0

“soybean”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 81–88 · show in text ↑

Bradyrhizobium · quality: protein · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree

3 papers: 3 positive, 0 negative or no effect

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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.