Abstract
Members of the genus Streptomyces are prominent inhabitants of the plant rhizosphere and endosphere and are increasingly recognized for their roles in plant growth promotion and disease suppression. In this study, we isolated genetically distinct Streptomyces from the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) rhizosphere, designated as TOM isolates, and assembled them into a defined 12-member TOM consortium. Application of the TOM consortium significantly promoted root and shoot growth in tomato. RNA-seq analysis revealed coordinated local and systemic transcriptional responses characterized by a predominance of down-regulated genes in both roots and leaves. In roots, differential gene expression reflected selective attenuation of defense- and cell wall-related processes, alongside increased expression of genes associated with phytoalexin biosynthesis, phosphate starvation responses, and hormonal regulation. In leaves, transcriptional reprogramming was dominated by reduced stress-related responses together with activation of metabolic and growth-associated functions. The TOM consortium also reduced disease severity caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici by approximately 60% compared to infected controls. To further characterize functional traits of individual consortium members, isolates were evaluated in vitro for antifungal activity and five strains displaying inhibition were selected for hybrid whole-genome sequencing. Genome analyses revealed diverse taxonomic affiliations and a rich repertoire of biosynthetic gene clusters, including clusters associated with known antimicrobial metabolites as well as numerous low-similarity clusters indicative of substantial unexplored biosynthetic potential. Collectively, this study provides new insights into plant interactions with beneficial Streptomyces, while revealing molecular signatures involved in Streptomyces-mediated plant growth promotion and pathogen suppression.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Application of the TOM Streptomyces consortium significantly promoted root and shoot growth in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Treatment
- TOM consortiume1
- Interactor
- Streptomyces
Streptomycest0symbiont - Outcome
- root and shoot growthe1
- Direction
- promotede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Responses of Tomato to a Growth-Promoting Streptomyces Consortium”
e1“Application of the TOM consortium significantly promoted root and shoot growth in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato roots and leaves show a predominance of down-regulated genes in local and systemic transcriptional responses.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- roots and leavese2
- Outcome
- transcriptional responsese2
- Direction
- down-regulatede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Responses of Tomato to a Growth-Promoting Streptomyces Consortium”
e2“RNA-seq analysis revealed coordinated local and systemic transcriptional responses characterized by a predominance of down-regulated genes in both roots and leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
In tomato roots, defense- and cell wall-related processes are selectively attenuated.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse3
- Outcome
- defense- and cell wall-related processese3
- Direction
- selective attenuatione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Responses of Tomato to a Growth-Promoting Streptomyces Consortium”
e3“In roots, differential gene expression reflected selective attenuation of defense- and cell wall-related processes, alongside increased expression of genes associated with phytoalexin biosynthesis, phosphate starvation responses, and hormonal regulation”
Claim · model-written summary
In tomato roots, genes for phytoalexin biosynthesis, phosphate starvation responses and hormonal regulation are increased in expression.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse3
- Outcome
- expression of genes associated with phytoalexin biosynthesis, phosphate starvation responses, and hormonal regulatione3
- Direction
- increasede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Responses of Tomato to a Growth-Promoting Streptomyces Consortium”
e3“In roots, differential gene expression reflected selective attenuation of defense- and cell wall-related processes, alongside increased expression of genes associated with phytoalexin biosynthesis, phosphate starvation responses, and hormonal regulation”
Claim · model-written summary
In tomato leaves, stress-related responses are reduced in transcriptional reprogramming.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese4
- Outcome
- stress-related responsese4
- Direction
- reducede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Responses of Tomato to a Growth-Promoting Streptomyces Consortium”
e4“In leaves, transcriptional reprogramming was dominated by reduced stress-related responses together with activation of metabolic and growth-associated functions”
Claim · model-written summary
In tomato leaves, metabolic and growth-associated functions are activated in transcriptional reprogramming.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese4
- Outcome
- metabolic and growth-associated functionse4
- Direction
- activatione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Responses of Tomato to a Growth-Promoting Streptomyces Consortium”
e4“In leaves, transcriptional reprogramming was dominated by reduced stress-related responses together with activation of metabolic and growth-associated functions”
Claim · model-written summary
The TOM Streptomyces consortium reduced disease severity of Fusarium wilt in tomato by approximately 60% relative to infected controls.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- TOM consortiume5
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersicie5pathogen - Second interactor
- StreptomycesStreptomycest0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease severitye5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Value
- approximately 60%e5
- Comparator
- infected controlse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Responses of Tomato to a Growth-Promoting Streptomyces Consortium”
e5“The TOM consortium also reduced disease severity caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici by approximately 60% compared to infected controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Five Streptomyces isolates from the tomato TOM consortium inhibit fungi in vitro.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- five strains displaying inhibitione6
- Interactor
- StreptomycesStreptomycest0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- antifungal activitye6
- Setting
- in vitroe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Responses of Tomato to a Growth-Promoting Streptomyces Consortium”
e6“isolates were evaluated in vitro for antifungal activity and five strains displaying inhibition were selected for hybrid whole-genome sequencing”
Claim · model-written summary
The genomes of the selected Streptomyces strains show diverse taxonomic affiliations.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- taxonomic affiliationse7
- Qualifier
- diversee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Responses of Tomato to a Growth-Promoting Streptomyces Consortium”
e7“Genome analyses revealed diverse taxonomic affiliations and a rich repertoire of biosynthetic gene clusters, including clusters associated with known antimicrobial metabolites as well as numerous low-similarity clusters indicative of substantial unexplored biosynthetic potential”
Claim · model-written summary
The selected Streptomyces genomes carry a rich repertoire of biosynthetic gene clusters, including numerous low-similarity clusters.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- a rich repertoire of biosynthetic gene clusterse7
- Qualifier
- numerous low-similarity clusters indicative of substantial unexplored biosynthetic potentiale7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Responses of Tomato to a Growth-Promoting Streptomyces Consortium”
e7“Genome analyses revealed diverse taxonomic affiliations and a rich repertoire of biosynthetic gene clusters, including clusters associated with known antimicrobial metabolites as well as numerous low-similarity clusters indicative of substantial unexplored biosynthetic potential”