Paper · 2026 · Taxon

Incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization as sources of gene tree discordance among species of the Geminata clade of Solanum (Solanaceae)

Juan David Tovar; Edeline Gagnon; Sandra Knapp; et al.

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claims
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verbatim quotes
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citations
1
research areas
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Open access · cc-by

Abstract

Abstract Discordance among gene trees, including discrepancies with the species tree, is increasingly reported in analyses of phylogenomic data. Such discordance can result from technical issues such as misalignment, paralogy, or model misfit, or from biological processes such as incomplete lineage sorting (ILS), hybridization with introgression, or horizontal gene transfer. Here, we explore the utility of the Angiosperms353 bait set in resolving evolutionary relationships within the Geminata clade of Solanum and discuss potential sources of gene tree discordance. Our results identify four main lineages within Geminata and suggest a niche specialization to wet ecosystems along the backbone of the clade. We found ILS to be the primary source of discordance, while hybridization likely played a secondary role in the diversification of the clade.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 4

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Analysis of the Geminata clade of Solanum identifies four main lineages.

Taxon
SolanumSolanumt0
Outcome
four main lineagese0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum
Solanum · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Forest & Kim Starr · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Geminata clade of Solanum”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 102–127 · show in text ↑
e0

“Our results identify four main lineages within Geminata”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 571–626 · show in text ↑
Associationauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The Geminata clade of Solanum appears to specialize in wet ecosystems along the backbone of the clade.

Taxon
SolanumSolanumt0
Outcome
niche specializatione1
Setting
wet ecosystemse1

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum
Solanum · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Forest & Kim Starr · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Geminata clade of Solanum”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 102–127 · show in text ↑
e1

“suggest a niche specialization to wet ecosystems along the backbone of the clade”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 631–711 · show in text ↑
Mechanismobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Incomplete lineage sorting is the primary source of gene tree discordance in the Geminata clade of Solanum.

Taxon
SolanumSolanumt0
Outcome
discordancee2
Qualifier
ILSe2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum
Solanum · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Forest & Kim Starr · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Geminata clade of Solanum”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 102–127 · show in text ↑
e2

“We found ILS to be the primary source of discordance”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 713–765 · show in text ↑
Mechanismhypothesisoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Hybridization likely played a secondary role in the diversification of the Geminata clade of Solanum.

Taxon
SolanumSolanumt0
Outcome
diversification of the cladee3
Qualifier
hybridization likely played a secondary rolee3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum
Solanum · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Forest & Kim Starr · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Geminata clade of Solanum”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 102–127 · show in text ↑
e3

“hybridization likely played a secondary role in the diversification of the clade”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 773–853 · show in text ↑