Abstract
Aphanomyces euteiches is an oomycete pathogen causing root rot in pea and other legumes, leading to devastating yield losses in pea production. Previously, three genetic groups of A. euteiches were identified in Europe based on simple sequence repeat markers. In this study, we determined the genome sequences of 68 European A. euteiches strains and performed a comparative genomic analysis with the aim to investigate the population genetic structure of A. euteiches, to delineate species boundaries and to identify gene families evolving under selection for gene gains or losses. Population genetic analysis based on genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms identified three genetic groups in Europe, where strains from Italy formed a distinct and genetically isolated group. Genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition analysis indicated that strains from Italy may represent a cryptic species. Aphanomyces strains differed in virulence on susceptible and partially resistant pea host genotypes, but virulence did not correlate with genetic groups. Analysis of virulence-related gene family evolution revealed a significant expansion of gene families acting in the detoxification of plant-derived secondary metabolites in plant-pathogenic Aphanomyces species. Moreover, the carbohydrate esterase family 1 (CE1) was significantly expanded in A. euteiches but not in the cryptic species represented by Italian strains. Modular structure analyses revealed exclusive presence of feruloyl esterase domains in CE1 homologs of plant-pathogenic Aphanomyces species, indicating a role in plant cell wall degradation.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
European strains formed three genetic groups, including an isolated Italian group.
- Taxon
- pea
Lathyrus oleraceuse1 - Outcome
- three genetic groupse0
- Setting
- Europee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“identified three genetic groups in Europe, where strains from Italy formed a distinct and genetically isolated group”
e1“pea and other legumes”
Claim · model-written summary
Italian strains may be a cryptic species.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Outcome
- cryptic speciese0
- Setting
- Italye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strains from Italy may represent a cryptic species”
e1“pea and other legumes”
Claim · model-written summary
Aphanomyces strains differed in virulence on susceptible and partly resistant pea hosts.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Material
- susceptible and partially resistant pea host genotypese0
- Interactor
- Aphanomyces
Aphanomycese0pathogen - Outcome
- Aphanomyces strains differed in virulencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aphanomyces strains differed in virulence on susceptible and partially resistant pea host genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Virulence did not correlate with pathogen genetic groups.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse2
- Interactor
- AphanomycesAphanomycese1pathogen
- Outcome
- virulencee0
- Direction
- did not correlatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“virulence did not correlate with genetic groups”
e1“Aphanomyces strains”
e2“pea host genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Detoxification gene families expanded significantly in plant-pathogenic Aphanomyces.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Interactor
- AphanomycesAphanomycese0pathogen
- Outcome
- expansion of gene families acting in the detoxification of plant-derived secondary metabolitese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant expansion of gene families acting in the detoxification of plant-derived secondary metabolites in plant-pathogenic Aphanomyces species”
e1“pea and other legumes”
Claim · model-written summary
CE1 expanded significantly in A. euteiches but not the Italian cryptic species.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Interactor
- A. euteichesAphanomyces euteichese0pathogen
- Gene
- carbohydrate esterase family 1 (CE1)e0
- Outcome
- significantly expandede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“carbohydrate esterase family 1 (CE1) was significantly expanded in A. euteiches but not in the cryptic species represented by Italian strains”
e1“pea and other legumes”
Claim · model-written summary
Feruloyl esterase domains were exclusively present in CE1 homologs of plant-pathogenic Aphanomyces.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Interactor
- AphanomycesAphanomycese0pathogen
- Gene
- CE1 homologse0
- Outcome
- exclusive presence of feruloyl esterase domainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exclusive presence of feruloyl esterase domains in CE1 homologs of plant-pathogenic Aphanomyces species”
e1“pea and other legumes”