Abstract
The positive effects of soil microbiota on plant growth and stress tolerance are well established. However, their role in aromatic and medicinal plants, particularly under arid conditions, remains underexplored. This study examined rhizospheric microbial community dynamics across developmental stages of wild Lavandula dentata L., a semi-arid species threatened with extinction in Morocco. Results showed total microbial biomass peaked at senescence, mainly due to increases in Gram-negative (25.02 μg/g) and Gram-positive (18.11 μg/g) bacterial biomasses. Beta diversity analysis revealed consistent dominance of Actinobacteria, with peaks during senescence and the vegetative phase. Saprotrophic fungi (8.81 μg/g) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (4.16 μg/g) biomasses peaked at flowering. The fungal community was dominated by the Ascomycota phylum, with no significant variation across stages. The AMF genus Glomus remained most abundant throughout development. Senescence featured the most complex interkingdom interaction network and high ecological niche heterogeneity, reflected by more negative associations. Overall, the rhizospheric microbial community of L. dentata shifts with plant development, with flowering and senescence as key phases for microbial biomass accumulation and community diversification. Flowering and senescienceez stages seem to represent promising targets for developing biostimulant consortia to improve soil health and crop productivity in arid environments.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Total microbial biomass peaked at senescence, mainly due to increases in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial biomass.
- Taxon
- Lavandula dentata
Lavandula dentatae0 - Organ / stage
- senescencee1
- Outcome
- total microbial biomasse1
- Qualifier
- mainly due to increases in Gram-negative (25.02 μg/g) and Gram-positive (18.11 μg/g) bacterial biomassese1
- Setting
- Moroccoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“This study examined rhizospheric microbial community dynamics across developmental stages of wild Lavandula dentata L., a semi-arid species threatened with extinction in Morocco”
e1“total microbial biomass peaked at senescence, mainly due to increases in Gram-negative (25.02 μg/g) and Gram-positive (18.11 μg/g) bacterial biomasses”
Claim · model-written summary
Gram-negative bacterial biomass was 25.02 μg/g at senescence.
- Taxon
- Lavandula dentata
Lavandula dentatae0 - Organ / stage
- senescencee1
- Outcome
- Gram-negativee2
- Value
- 25.02 μg/ge2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“This study examined rhizospheric microbial community dynamics across developmental stages of wild Lavandula dentata L., a semi-arid species threatened with extinction in Morocco”
e1“total microbial biomass peaked at senescence, mainly due to increases in Gram-negative (25.02 μg/g) and Gram-positive (18.11 μg/g) bacterial biomasses”
e2“increases in Gram-negative (25.02 μg/g)”
Claim · model-written summary
Gram-positive bacterial biomass was 18.11 μg/g at senescence.
- Taxon
- Lavandula dentata
Lavandula dentatae0 - Organ / stage
- senescencee1
- Outcome
- Gram-positivee3
- Value
- 18.11 μg/ge3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“This study examined rhizospheric microbial community dynamics across developmental stages of wild Lavandula dentata L., a semi-arid species threatened with extinction in Morocco”
e1“total microbial biomass peaked at senescence, mainly due to increases in Gram-negative (25.02 μg/g) and Gram-positive (18.11 μg/g) bacterial biomasses”
e3“Gram-positive (18.11 μg/g)”
Claim · model-written summary
Actinobacteria were consistently dominant in the rhizosphere, with peaks during senescence and the vegetative phase.
- Taxon
- Lavandula dentata
Lavandula dentatae0 - Organ / stage
- senescence and the vegetative phasee4
- Interactor
- ActinobacteriaActinomycetotae4other
- Outcome
- dominance of Actinobacteriae4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“This study examined rhizospheric microbial community dynamics across developmental stages of wild Lavandula dentata L., a semi-arid species threatened with extinction in Morocco”
e4“Beta diversity analysis revealed consistent dominance of Actinobacteria, with peaks during senescence and the vegetative phase”
Claim · model-written summary
Saprotrophic fungi biomass was 8.81 μg/g and peaked at flowering.
- Taxon
- Lavandula dentata
Lavandula dentatae0 - Organ / stage
- floweringe5
- Interactor
- Saprotrophic fungie5other
- Outcome
- biomassese5
- Value
- 8.81 μg/ge5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“This study examined rhizospheric microbial community dynamics across developmental stages of wild Lavandula dentata L., a semi-arid species threatened with extinction in Morocco”
e5“Saprotrophic fungi (8.81 μg/g) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (4.16 μg/g) biomasses peaked at flowering”
Claim · model-written summary
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) biomass was 4.16 μg/g and peaked at flowering.
- Taxon
- Lavandula dentata
Lavandula dentatae0 - Organ / stage
- floweringe5
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)e5symbiont
- Outcome
- biomassese5
- Value
- 4.16 μg/ge5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“This study examined rhizospheric microbial community dynamics across developmental stages of wild Lavandula dentata L., a semi-arid species threatened with extinction in Morocco”
e5“Saprotrophic fungi (8.81 μg/g) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (4.16 μg/g) biomasses peaked at flowering”
Claim · model-written summary
The fungal community was dominated by Ascomycota.
- Taxon
- Lavandula dentata
Lavandula dentatae0 - Interactor
- AscomycotaAscomycotae6other
- Outcome
- fungal communitye6
- Qualifier
- dominated by the Ascomycota phylume6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“This study examined rhizospheric microbial community dynamics across developmental stages of wild Lavandula dentata L., a semi-arid species threatened with extinction in Morocco”
e6“The fungal community was dominated by the Ascomycota phylum, with no significant variation across stages”
Claim · model-written summary
The fungal community showed no significant variation across developmental stages.
- Taxon
- Lavandula dentata
Lavandula dentatae0 - Outcome
- variation across stagese6
- Qualifier
- fungal communitye6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“This study examined rhizospheric microbial community dynamics across developmental stages of wild Lavandula dentata L., a semi-arid species threatened with extinction in Morocco”
e6“The fungal community was dominated by the Ascomycota phylum, with no significant variation across stages”
Claim · model-written summary
The AMF genus Glomus remained the most abundant taxon throughout development.
- Taxon
- Lavandula dentata
Lavandula dentatae0 - Outcome
- most abundante7
- Qualifier
- throughout developmente7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.


Verbatim
e0“This study examined rhizospheric microbial community dynamics across developmental stages of wild Lavandula dentata L., a semi-arid species threatened with extinction in Morocco”
e7“The AMF genus Glomus remained most abundant throughout development”
Claim · model-written summary
Senescence featured the most complex interkingdom interaction network.
- Taxon
- Lavandula dentata
Lavandula dentatae0 - Organ / stage
- Senescencee7
- Outcome
- interkingdom interaction networke7
- Qualifier
- most complexe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“This study examined rhizospheric microbial community dynamics across developmental stages of wild Lavandula dentata L., a semi-arid species threatened with extinction in Morocco”
e7“Senescence featured the most complex interkingdom interaction network”
Claim · model-written summary
Senescence showed high ecological niche heterogeneity, reflected by more negative associations.
- Taxon
- Lavandula dentata
Lavandula dentatae0 - Organ / stage
- Senescencee7
- Outcome
- ecological niche heterogeneitye1
- Qualifier
- reflected by more negative associationse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“This study examined rhizospheric microbial community dynamics across developmental stages of wild Lavandula dentata L., a semi-arid species threatened with extinction in Morocco”
e7“Senescence featured the most complex interkingdom interaction network”
e1“high ecological niche heterogeneity, reflected by more negative associations”
Claim · model-written summary
Flowering and senescence are key phases for microbial biomass accumulation and community diversification.
- Taxon
- Lavandula dentata
Lavandula dentatae0 - Organ / stage
- flowering and senescencee1
- Outcome
- microbial biomass accumulation and community diversificatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“This study examined rhizospheric microbial community dynamics across developmental stages of wild Lavandula dentata L., a semi-arid species threatened with extinction in Morocco”
e1“flowering and senescence as key phases for microbial biomass accumulation and community diversification”
Claim · model-written summary
Flowering and senescence stages are promising targets for developing biostimulant consortia.
- Taxon
- Lavandula dentata
Lavandula dentatae0 - Outcome
- developing biostimulant consortiae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“This study examined rhizospheric microbial community dynamics across developmental stages of wild Lavandula dentata L., a semi-arid species threatened with extinction in Morocco”
e1“promising targets for developing biostimulant consortia to improve soil health and crop productivity in arid environments”