Paper · 2026 · Environmental Microbiology Reports

Comparative Analysis of Lavandula Dentata Rhizosphere Microbiota Across Different Developmental Stages in a Semi‐Arid Area

Oumaima Akachoud; Julien Langrand; Hafida Bouamama; et al.

13
claims
29
verbatim quotes
0
citations
3
research areas
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Open access · cc-by

Abstract

The positive effects of soil microbiota on plant growth and stress tolerance are well established. However, their role in aromatic and medicinal plants, particularly under arid conditions, remains underexplored. This study examined rhizospheric microbial community dynamics across developmental stages of wild Lavandula dentata L., a semi-arid species threatened with extinction in Morocco. Results showed total microbial biomass peaked at senescence, mainly due to increases in Gram-negative (25.02 μg/g) and Gram-positive (18.11 μg/g) bacterial biomasses. Beta diversity analysis revealed consistent dominance of Actinobacteria, with peaks during senescence and the vegetative phase. Saprotrophic fungi (8.81 μg/g) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (4.16 μg/g) biomasses peaked at flowering. The fungal community was dominated by the Ascomycota phylum, with no significant variation across stages. The AMF genus Glomus remained most abundant throughout development. Senescence featured the most complex interkingdom interaction network and high ecological niche heterogeneity, reflected by more negative associations. Overall, the rhizospheric microbial community of L. dentata shifts with plant development, with flowering and senescence as key phases for microbial biomass accumulation and community diversification. Flowering and senescienceez stages seem to represent promising targets for developing biostimulant consortia to improve soil health and crop productivity in arid environments.

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Claims 13

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Total microbial biomass peaked at senescence, mainly due to increases in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial biomass.

Taxon
Lavandula dentataLavandula dentatae0
Organ / stage
senescencee1
Outcome
total microbial biomasse1
Qualifier
mainly due to increases in Gram-negative (25.02 μg/g) and Gram-positive (18.11 μg/g) bacterial biomassese1
Setting
Moroccoe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lavandula dentata
Lavandula dentata · TaxonKENPEI · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“This study examined rhizospheric microbial community dynamics across developmental stages of wild Lavandula dentata L., a semi-arid species threatened with extinction in Morocco”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 212–389 · show in text ↑
e1

“total microbial biomass peaked at senescence, mainly due to increases in Gram-negative (25.02 μg/g) and Gram-positive (18.11 μg/g) bacterial biomasses”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 406–556 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Gram-negative bacterial biomass was 25.02 μg/g at senescence.

Taxon
Lavandula dentataLavandula dentatae0
Organ / stage
senescencee1
Outcome
Gram-negativee2
Value
25.02 μg/ge2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lavandula dentata
Lavandula dentata · TaxonKENPEI · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“This study examined rhizospheric microbial community dynamics across developmental stages of wild Lavandula dentata L., a semi-arid species threatened with extinction in Morocco”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 212–389 · show in text ↑
e1

“total microbial biomass peaked at senescence, mainly due to increases in Gram-negative (25.02 μg/g) and Gram-positive (18.11 μg/g) bacterial biomasses”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 406–556 · show in text ↑
e2

“increases in Gram-negative (25.02 μg/g)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 466–505 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Gram-positive bacterial biomass was 18.11 μg/g at senescence.

Taxon
Lavandula dentataLavandula dentatae0
Organ / stage
senescencee1
Outcome
Gram-positivee3
Value
18.11 μg/ge3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lavandula dentata
Lavandula dentata · TaxonKENPEI · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“This study examined rhizospheric microbial community dynamics across developmental stages of wild Lavandula dentata L., a semi-arid species threatened with extinction in Morocco”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 212–389 · show in text ↑
e1

“total microbial biomass peaked at senescence, mainly due to increases in Gram-negative (25.02 μg/g) and Gram-positive (18.11 μg/g) bacterial biomasses”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 406–556 · show in text ↑
e3

“Gram-positive (18.11 μg/g)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 510–536 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Actinobacteria were consistently dominant in the rhizosphere, with peaks during senescence and the vegetative phase.

Taxon
Lavandula dentataLavandula dentatae0
Organ / stage
senescence and the vegetative phasee4
Interactor
ActinobacteriaActinomycetotae4other
Outcome
dominance of Actinobacteriae4

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lavandula dentata
Lavandula dentata · TaxonKENPEI · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“This study examined rhizospheric microbial community dynamics across developmental stages of wild Lavandula dentata L., a semi-arid species threatened with extinction in Morocco”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 212–389 · show in text ↑
e4

“Beta diversity analysis revealed consistent dominance of Actinobacteria, with peaks during senescence and the vegetative phase”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 558–684 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Saprotrophic fungi biomass was 8.81 μg/g and peaked at flowering.

Taxon
Lavandula dentataLavandula dentatae0
Organ / stage
floweringe5
Interactor
Saprotrophic fungie5other
Outcome
biomassese5
Value
8.81 μg/ge5

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lavandula dentata
Lavandula dentata · TaxonKENPEI · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“This study examined rhizospheric microbial community dynamics across developmental stages of wild Lavandula dentata L., a semi-arid species threatened with extinction in Morocco”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 212–389 · show in text ↑
e5

“Saprotrophic fungi (8.81 μg/g) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (4.16 μg/g) biomasses peaked at flowering”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 686–797 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) biomass was 4.16 μg/g and peaked at flowering.

Taxon
Lavandula dentataLavandula dentatae0
Organ / stage
floweringe5
Interactor
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)e5symbiont
Outcome
biomassese5
Value
4.16 μg/ge5

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lavandula dentata
Lavandula dentata · TaxonKENPEI · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“This study examined rhizospheric microbial community dynamics across developmental stages of wild Lavandula dentata L., a semi-arid species threatened with extinction in Morocco”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 212–389 · show in text ↑
e5

“Saprotrophic fungi (8.81 μg/g) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (4.16 μg/g) biomasses peaked at flowering”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 686–797 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The fungal community was dominated by Ascomycota.

Taxon
Lavandula dentataLavandula dentatae0
Interactor
AscomycotaAscomycotae6other
Outcome
fungal communitye6
Qualifier
dominated by the Ascomycota phylume6

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lavandula dentata
Lavandula dentata · TaxonKENPEI · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“This study examined rhizospheric microbial community dynamics across developmental stages of wild Lavandula dentata L., a semi-arid species threatened with extinction in Morocco”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 212–389 · show in text ↑
e6

“The fungal community was dominated by the Ascomycota phylum, with no significant variation across stages”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 799–903 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The fungal community showed no significant variation across developmental stages.

Taxon
Lavandula dentataLavandula dentatae0
Outcome
variation across stagese6
Qualifier
fungal communitye6

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lavandula dentata
Lavandula dentata · TaxonKENPEI · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“This study examined rhizospheric microbial community dynamics across developmental stages of wild Lavandula dentata L., a semi-arid species threatened with extinction in Morocco”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 212–389 · show in text ↑
e6

“The fungal community was dominated by the Ascomycota phylum, with no significant variation across stages”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 799–903 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The AMF genus Glomus remained the most abundant taxon throughout development.

Taxon
Lavandula dentataLavandula dentatae0
Interactor
GlomusGlomuse7symbiont
Outcome
most abundante7
Qualifier
throughout developmente7

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lavandula dentata
Lavandula dentata · TaxonKENPEI · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Glomus
Glomus · InteractorJerry Cooper · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“This study examined rhizospheric microbial community dynamics across developmental stages of wild Lavandula dentata L., a semi-arid species threatened with extinction in Morocco”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 212–389 · show in text ↑
e7

“The AMF genus Glomus remained most abundant throughout development”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 905–971 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Senescence featured the most complex interkingdom interaction network.

Taxon
Lavandula dentataLavandula dentatae0
Organ / stage
Senescencee7
Outcome
interkingdom interaction networke7
Qualifier
most complexe7

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lavandula dentata
Lavandula dentata · TaxonKENPEI · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“This study examined rhizospheric microbial community dynamics across developmental stages of wild Lavandula dentata L., a semi-arid species threatened with extinction in Morocco”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 212–389 · show in text ↑
e7

“Senescence featured the most complex interkingdom interaction network”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 973–1042 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Senescence showed high ecological niche heterogeneity, reflected by more negative associations.

Taxon
Lavandula dentataLavandula dentatae0
Organ / stage
Senescencee7
Outcome
ecological niche heterogeneitye1
Qualifier
reflected by more negative associationse1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lavandula dentata
Lavandula dentata · TaxonKENPEI · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“This study examined rhizospheric microbial community dynamics across developmental stages of wild Lavandula dentata L., a semi-arid species threatened with extinction in Morocco”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 212–389 · show in text ↑
e7

“Senescence featured the most complex interkingdom interaction network”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 973–1042 · show in text ↑
e1

“high ecological niche heterogeneity, reflected by more negative associations”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1047–1123 · show in text ↑
Observationauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Flowering and senescence are key phases for microbial biomass accumulation and community diversification.

Taxon
Lavandula dentataLavandula dentatae0
Organ / stage
flowering and senescencee1
Outcome
microbial biomass accumulation and community diversificatione1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lavandula dentata
Lavandula dentata · TaxonKENPEI · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“This study examined rhizospheric microbial community dynamics across developmental stages of wild Lavandula dentata L., a semi-arid species threatened with extinction in Morocco”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 212–389 · show in text ↑
e1

“flowering and senescence as key phases for microbial biomass accumulation and community diversification”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1221–1324 · show in text ↑
Recommendationhypothesisoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Flowering and senescence stages are promising targets for developing biostimulant consortia.

Taxon
Lavandula dentataLavandula dentatae0
Outcome
developing biostimulant consortiae1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lavandula dentata
Lavandula dentata · TaxonKENPEI · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“This study examined rhizospheric microbial community dynamics across developmental stages of wild Lavandula dentata L., a semi-arid species threatened with extinction in Morocco”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 212–389 · show in text ↑
e1

“promising targets for developing biostimulant consortia to improve soil health and crop productivity in arid environments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1379–1500 · show in text ↑