Abstract
Applying organic fertilisers improves soil health and plant growth by improving the soil organic matter, soil structure, nutrient uptake and water‐holding capacity. Small‐plot stationary field experiments on four different soils in Central Europe evaluate the long‐term effect of organic amendments and/or mineral fertilisers on the soil organic matter quality under conventional tillage and the potato/maize–winter wheat–spring barley crop rotation. Soil samples were collected after the spring barley harvest in 2022. A total nitrogen dose of 330 kg N·ha −1 over 3 years was applied in all fertilised treatments; organic fertilisers were applied after the barley harvest. The E4/E6 absorbance ratio showed significant correlations with the C‐HA/C‐FA ratio, humification index and proportion of humic acid carbon. However, when assessing the effects of fertilisation, treatments within a single homogeneous field, the E4/E6 ratio did not prove to be a reliable indicator of soil organic matter quality. Application of farmyard manure resulted in higher values of the C‐HA/C‐FA ratio, humification index and percentage of humic acid carbon compared to mineral fertilisation (N, NPK). In contrast, sewage sludge application was less effective in increasing the C‐HA/C‐FA ratio and proportion of humic acid carbon than the combination of mineral nitrogen fertilisation with straw. Regardless of weather conditions during stem elongation and flowering, higher yields of spring barley and winter wheat were recorded when nitrogen was applied in mineral fertilisers compared to manure or sewage sludge.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
The E4/E6 absorbance ratio correlated significantly with the humification index and the proportion of humic acid carbon.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e1“humification index and proportion of humic acid carbon”
e2“The E4/E6 absorbance ratio showed significant correlations”
Claim · model-written summary
The E4/E6 ratio was not a reliable indicator of soil organic matter quality when comparing fertilisation treatments within one homogeneous field.
- Outcome
- reliable indicator of soil organic matter qualitye3
- Qualifier
- treatments within a single homogeneous fielde5
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e3“the E4/E6 ratio did not prove to be a reliable indicator of soil organic matter quality”
e5“treatments within a single homogeneous field”
Claim · model-written summary
Farmyard manure gave a higher humification index than mineral fertilisation.
- Treatment
- farmyard manuree1
- Outcome
- humification indexe3
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- mineral fertilisatione2
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e1“Application of farmyard manure resulted in higher values”
e2“compared to mineral fertilisation (N, NPK)”
e3“humification index and percentage of humic acid carbon”
Claim · model-written summary
Sewage sludge application was less effective than mineral nitrogen fertilisation with straw in increasing the proportion of humic acid carbon.
- Treatment
- sewage sludge applicatione1
- Outcome
- proportion of humic acid carbone2
- Direction
- less effectivee1
- Comparator
- the combination of mineral nitrogen fertilisation with strawe2
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e1“sewage sludge application was less effective in increasing”
e2“proportion of humic acid carbon than the combination of mineral nitrogen fertilisation with straw”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring barley yields were higher when nitrogen was applied in mineral fertilisers than with manure or sewage sludge, regardless of weather during stem elongation and flowering.
- Taxon
- spring barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree4 - Treatment
- nitrogen was applied in mineral fertiliserse4
- Outcome
- yieldse4
- Direction
- highere4
- Qualifier
- Regardless of weather conditions during stem elongation and floweringe5
- Comparator
- manure or sewage sludgee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e4“higher yields of spring barley and winter wheat were recorded when nitrogen was applied in mineral fertilisers compared to manure or sewage sludge”
e5“Regardless of weather conditions during stem elongation and flowering”
Claim · model-written summary
Winter wheat yields were higher when nitrogen was applied in mineral fertilisers than with manure or sewage sludge, regardless of weather during stem elongation and flowering.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivume4 - Treatment
- nitrogen was applied in mineral fertiliserse4
- Outcome
- yieldse4
- Direction
- highere4
- Qualifier
- Regardless of weather conditions during stem elongation and floweringe5
- Comparator
- manure or sewage sludgee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“higher yields of spring barley and winter wheat were recorded when nitrogen was applied in mineral fertilisers compared to manure or sewage sludge”
e5“Regardless of weather conditions during stem elongation and flowering”
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