Abstract
Sugarcane, a major crop for sugar production, where growth and yield are strongly influenced by plant architecture, particularly leaf angle (LA), and stress adaptation. Optimizing LA improves light capture, photosynthesis, and lodging resistance, regulated by IGT genes, though their role in sugarcane remains unclear. This study identified 50 IGT genes across three Saccharum species: 05 SsIGT in S. spontaneum (AP85-441), 10 SoIGT in S. officinarum (LA-purple), and 35 ScIGT in S. hybrid (XTT22). Phylogenetic analysis classified them into DRO, LAZY, and TAC subfamilies. Promoter analysis revealed cis-regulatory elements linked to stress, hormone responses, and growth regulation, while miRNA prediction indicated post-transcriptional regulation. Protein network analysis highlighted conserved interactions between sugarcane IGT proteins and maize homologs. BR regulates LA and cellular dynamics, shaping sugarcane growth and architecture. Cytological analysis reveals that, moderate brassinosteroids (BRs) (3-5 μM) promoted cell enlargement and increased LA, whereas higher levels (≥10 μM) reduced cell size, restored density, and decreased LA. Subcellular localization shows that ShLAZY1 is predominantly found in the cytoplasm and nucleus, supporting its role as a transcription factor. qRT-PCR revealed that BR treatment significantly upregulated ShDRO2, ShDRO18, ShLAZY1, ShTAC1, and GRAS33, implicating them in leaf joint development and architecture regulation. Under NaCl stress (250 mM), five genes including, ShDRO2, ShDRO18, ShKnox1, ShGn1, and ShGRAS33 functioned as positive regulators, while ShLg1 and ShTAC1 acted as negative regulators, potentially influencing plant architecture via source-sink modulation. These findings highlight the integrated role of IGT genes in LA modulation and stress adaptation, offering strategies for improving sugarcane productivity and resilience.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Fifty IGT genes were identified across three Saccharum species.
SaccharumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“This study identified 50 IGT genes across three Saccharum species”
Claim · model-written summary
Five SsIGT genes were identified in S. spontaneum (AP85-441).
Saccharum spontaneumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“05 SsIGT in S. spontaneum (AP85-441)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten SoIGT genes were identified in S. officinarum (LA-purple).
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“10 SoIGT in S. officinarum (LA-purple)”
Claim · model-written summary
Thirty-five ScIGT genes were identified in S. hybrid (XTT22).
Verbatim
e4“35 ScIGT in S. hybrid (XTT22)”
Claim · model-written summary
Phylogenetic analysis classified the IGT genes into DRO, LAZY and TAC subfamilies.
Verbatim
e0“Sugarcane, a major crop for sugar production”
e5“Phylogenetic analysis classified them into DRO, LAZY, and TAC subfamilies”
Claim · model-written summary
Promoter analysis revealed cis-regulatory elements linked to stress, hormone responses and growth regulation.
Verbatim
e0“Sugarcane, a major crop for sugar production”
e6“Promoter analysis revealed cis-regulatory elements linked to stress, hormone responses, and growth regulation”
Claim · model-written summary
A miRNA prediction indicated post-transcriptional regulation in sugarcane IGT genes.
Verbatim
e0“Sugarcane, a major crop for sugar production”
e7“miRNA prediction indicated post-transcriptional regulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein network analysis highlighted conserved interactions between sugarcane IGT proteins and maize homologs.
Verbatim
e1“Protein network analysis highlighted conserved interactions between sugarcane IGT proteins and maize homologs”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate BR (3-5 μM) promoted cell enlargement in sugarcane, compared with higher levels (≥10 μM).
Verbatim
e0“Sugarcane, a major crop for sugar production”
e1“moderate brassinosteroids (BRs) (3-5 μM) promoted cell enlargement and increased LA”
e2“whereas higher levels (≥10 μM) reduced cell size, restored density, and decreased LA”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate BR (3-5 μM) increased leaf angle (LA) in sugarcane, compared with higher levels (≥10 μM).
Verbatim
e0“Sugarcane, a major crop for sugar production”
e1“moderate brassinosteroids (BRs) (3-5 μM) promoted cell enlargement and increased LA”
e2“whereas higher levels (≥10 μM) reduced cell size, restored density, and decreased LA”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher BR levels (≥10 μM) reduced cell size in sugarcane, compared with moderate BR (3-5 μM).
Verbatim
e0“Sugarcane, a major crop for sugar production”
e1“moderate brassinosteroids (BRs) (3-5 μM) promoted cell enlargement and increased LA”
e2“whereas higher levels (≥10 μM) reduced cell size, restored density, and decreased LA”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher BR levels (≥10 μM) decreased leaf angle (LA) in sugarcane, compared with moderate BR (3-5 μM).
Verbatim
e0“Sugarcane, a major crop for sugar production”
e1“moderate brassinosteroids (BRs) (3-5 μM) promoted cell enlargement and increased LA”
e2“whereas higher levels (≥10 μM) reduced cell size, restored density, and decreased LA”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher BR levels (≥10 μM) restored cell density in sugarcane, compared with moderate BR (3-5 μM).
Verbatim
e0“Sugarcane, a major crop for sugar production”
e1“moderate brassinosteroids (BRs) (3-5 μM) promoted cell enlargement and increased LA”
e2“whereas higher levels (≥10 μM) reduced cell size, restored density, and decreased LA”
Claim · model-written summary
ShLAZY1 is predominantly localized to the cytoplasm and nucleus of sugarcane cells.
Verbatim
e0“Sugarcane, a major crop for sugar production”
e1“Subcellular localization shows that ShLAZY1 is predominantly found in the cytoplasm and nucleus”
Claim · model-written summary
BR treatment significantly upregulated ShDRO2, ShDRO18 and ShLAZY1 in sugarcane.
- Taxon
- Sugarcanee0
- Treatment
- BR treatmente1
- Gene
- ShDRO2, ShDRO18, ShLAZY1e1
- Outcome
- qRT-PCRe1
- Direction
- upregulatede1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Sugarcane, a major crop for sugar production”
e1“qRT-PCR revealed that BR treatment significantly upregulated ShDRO2, ShDRO18, ShLAZY1, ShTAC1, and GRAS33”
Claim · model-written summary
BR treatment significantly upregulated ShTAC1 and GRAS33 in sugarcane.
- Taxon
- Sugarcanee0
- Treatment
- BR treatmente1
- Gene
- ShTAC1, and GRAS33e1
- Outcome
- qRT-PCRe1
- Direction
- upregulatede1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Sugarcane, a major crop for sugar production”
e1“qRT-PCR revealed that BR treatment significantly upregulated ShDRO2, ShDRO18, ShLAZY1, ShTAC1, and GRAS33”
Claim · model-written summary
Under NaCl stress (250 mM), ShDRO2, ShDRO18 and ShKnox1 functioned as positive regulators in sugarcane.
Verbatim
e0“Sugarcane, a major crop for sugar production”
e1“Under NaCl stress (250 mM), five genes including, ShDRO2, ShDRO18, ShKnox1, ShGn1, and ShGRAS33 functioned as positive regulators”
Claim · model-written summary
Under NaCl stress (250 mM), ShGn1 and ShGRAS33 functioned as positive regulators in sugarcane.
Verbatim
e0“Sugarcane, a major crop for sugar production”
e1“Under NaCl stress (250 mM), five genes including, ShDRO2, ShDRO18, ShKnox1, ShGn1, and ShGRAS33 functioned as positive regulators”
Claim · model-written summary
Under NaCl stress, ShLg1 and ShTAC1 acted as negative regulators in sugarcane.
Verbatim
e0“Sugarcane, a major crop for sugar production”
e1“Under NaCl stress (250 mM), five genes including, ShDRO2, ShDRO18, ShKnox1, ShGn1, and ShGRAS33 functioned as positive regulators”
e2“while ShLg1 and ShTAC1 acted as negative regulators”