Abstract
'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' (Lso) haplotype D, transmitted by the carrot psyllid Bactericera trigonica, is a major threat to carrot production, particularly in the Mediterranean Basin and the Middle East. We investigated the impact of plant age at the time of inoculation on symptom development and yield under greenhouse and outdoor conditions. In greenhouse trials, 1- and 2-month-old plants were inoculated with psyllids harboring Lso. Both age groups showed reduced taproot weight compared to controls, but younger plants were more severely affected, exhibiting 90% yield reduction, while 2-month-old plants showed a 30% reduction. Witches' broom symptoms appeared earlier in plants inoculated at 1-month-old (5 weeks post-inoculation); however, within two weeks, plants inoculated at two months reached comparable levels of symptom incidence and severity. Additional greenhouse experiments using Lso-free psyllids confirmed that yield losses and disease symptoms were specifically due to Lso infection, and not psyllid feeding. In outdoor trials, we tested the effects of inoculation at 7, 11, 15, and 19 weeks post-sowing (wps) on disease incidence and yield. Significant yield losses occurred only in plants inoculated at 7 and 11 wps, with up to 45% reduction by harvest time. Symptoms began to appear at 20 wps in plants inoculated at 7 and 11 wps. At 23 wps, symptoms also appeared in plants inoculated at 15 wps, with a similar incidence to that observed in the earlier inoculation groups. Molecular detection of Lso at harvest (23 wps) confirmed that all plants inoculated at 19 wps or earlier were infected. These results demonstrate that carrots are highly susceptible to Lso-induced yield losses at the earlier stages of growth and highlight the importance of managing early-season vector pressure to minimize economic damage.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with Lso-carrying psyllids reduced taproot weight in both 1- and 2-month-old carrot plants compared with controls in greenhouse trials.
- Taxon
- Carrots
Daucus carotat0 - Organ / stage
- taproote1
- Treatment
- inoculated with psyllids harboring Lsoe1
- Interactor
- Lsoe1pathogen
- Second interactor
- psyllidsPsylloideae1pest
- Outcome
- taproot weighte1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- controlse1
- Setting
- greenhouse trialse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Carrots Infected with Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum”
e1“In greenhouse trials, 1- and 2-month-old plants were inoculated with psyllids harboring Lso. Both age groups showed reduced taproot weight compared to controls, but younger plants were more severely affected, exhibiting 90% yield reduction, while 2-month-old plants showed a 30% reduction”
Claim · model-written summary
Younger 1-month-old carrot plants inoculated with Lso-carrying psyllids showed a 90% yield reduction, more severe than in 2-month-old plants.
- Taxon
- CarrotsDaucus carotat0
- Organ / stage
- younger plantse1
- Treatment
- inoculated with psyllids harboring Lsoe1
- Interactor
- Lsoe1pathogen
- Second interactor
- psyllidsPsylloideae1pest
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- 90%e1
- Comparator
- controlse1
- Setting
- greenhouse trialse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Carrots Infected with Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum”
e1“In greenhouse trials, 1- and 2-month-old plants were inoculated with psyllids harboring Lso. Both age groups showed reduced taproot weight compared to controls, but younger plants were more severely affected, exhibiting 90% yield reduction, while 2-month-old plants showed a 30% reduction”
Claim · model-written summary
2-month-old carrot plants inoculated with Lso-carrying psyllids showed a 30% yield reduction.
- Taxon
- CarrotsDaucus carotat0
- Organ / stage
- 2-month-old plantse1
- Treatment
- inoculated with psyllids harboring Lsoe1
- Interactor
- Lsoe1pathogen
- Second interactor
- psyllidsPsylloideae1pest
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- 30%e1
- Comparator
- controlse1
- Setting
- greenhouse trialse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Carrots Infected with Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum”
e1“In greenhouse trials, 1- and 2-month-old plants were inoculated with psyllids harboring Lso. Both age groups showed reduced taproot weight compared to controls, but younger plants were more severely affected, exhibiting 90% yield reduction, while 2-month-old plants showed a 30% reduction”
Claim · model-written summary
Witches' broom symptoms appeared earlier in carrot plants inoculated at 1-month-old (5 weeks post-inoculation) than in plants inoculated at two months.
- Taxon
- CarrotsDaucus carotat0
- Organ / stage
- 1-month-olde2
- Treatment
- plants inoculated at 1-month-olde2
- Interactor
- Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearumCandidatus Liberibacter solanacearumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- Witches' broom symptomse2
- Direction
- appeared earliere2
- Value
- 5 weeks post-inoculatione2
- Comparator
- plants inoculated at two monthse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Carrots Infected with Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum”
e2“Witches' broom symptoms appeared earlier in plants inoculated at 1-month-old (5 weeks post-inoculation); however, within two weeks, plants inoculated at two months reached comparable levels of symptom incidence and severity”
Claim · model-written summary
Within two weeks, carrot plants inoculated at two months reached comparable levels of symptom incidence and severity to plants inoculated at 1-month-old.
- Taxon
- CarrotsDaucus carotat0
- Treatment
- plants inoculated at two monthse2
- Interactor
- Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearumCandidatus Liberibacter solanacearumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- symptom incidence and severitye2
- Direction
- reached comparable levelse2
- Qualifier
- within two weekse2
- Comparator
- plants inoculated at 1-month-olde2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Carrots Infected with Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum”
e2“Witches' broom symptoms appeared earlier in plants inoculated at 1-month-old (5 weeks post-inoculation); however, within two weeks, plants inoculated at two months reached comparable levels of symptom incidence and severity”
Claim · model-written summary
In additional greenhouse experiments with Lso-free psyllids, yield losses and disease symptoms in carrots were specifically due to Lso infection and not to psyllid feeding.
- Taxon
- CarrotsDaucus carotat0
- Treatment
- Lso-free psyllidse3
- Interactor
- Lsoe3pathogen
- Second interactor
- psyllidsPsylloideae3pest
- Outcome
- yield losses and disease symptomse3
- Qualifier
- specifically due to Lso infectione3
- Comparator
- psyllid feedinge3
- Setting
- greenhouse experimentse3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Carrots Infected with Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum”
e3“Additional greenhouse experiments using Lso-free psyllids confirmed that yield losses and disease symptoms were specifically due to Lso infection, and not psyllid feeding”
Claim · model-written summary
Significant yield losses occurred only in carrot plants inoculated at 7 and 11 wps in outdoor trials.
- Taxon
- CarrotsDaucus carotat0
- Treatment
- inoculated at 7 and 11 wpse4
- Interactor
- Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearumCandidatus Liberibacter solanacearumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- yielde4
- Direction
- lossese4
- Qualifier
- onlye4
- Setting
- outdoor trialse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Carrots Infected with Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum”
e4“In outdoor trials, we tested the effects of inoculation at 7, 11, 15, and 19 weeks post-sowing (wps) on disease incidence and yield. Significant yield losses occurred only in plants inoculated at 7 and 11 wps, with up to 45% reduction by harvest time”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield was reduced by up to 45% by harvest in carrot plants inoculated at 7 and 11 wps in outdoor trials.
- Taxon
- CarrotsDaucus carotat0
- Treatment
- inoculated at 7 and 11 wpse4
- Interactor
- Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearumCandidatus Liberibacter solanacearumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- yielde4
- Direction
- reductione4
- Value
- up to 45%e4
- Qualifier
- by harvest timee4
- Setting
- outdoor trialse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Carrots Infected with Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum”
e4“In outdoor trials, we tested the effects of inoculation at 7, 11, 15, and 19 weeks post-sowing (wps) on disease incidence and yield. Significant yield losses occurred only in plants inoculated at 7 and 11 wps, with up to 45% reduction by harvest time”
Claim · model-written summary
Symptoms began to appear at 20 wps in carrot plants inoculated at 7 and 11 wps.
- Taxon
- CarrotsDaucus carotat0
- Treatment
- inoculated at 7 and 11 wpse5
- Interactor
- Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearumCandidatus Liberibacter solanacearumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- symptomse5
- Qualifier
- began to appear at 20 wpse5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Carrots Infected with Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum”
e5“Symptoms began to appear at 20 wps in plants inoculated at 7 and 11 wps”
Claim · model-written summary
Symptoms also appeared at 23 wps in carrot plants inoculated at 15 wps, at an incidence similar to that of the earlier inoculation groups.
- Taxon
- CarrotsDaucus carotat0
- Treatment
- inoculated at 15 wpse6
- Interactor
- Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearumCandidatus Liberibacter solanacearumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- symptomse6
- Qualifier
- At 23 wpse6
- Comparator
- earlier inoculation groupse6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Carrots Infected with Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum”
e6“At 23 wps, symptoms also appeared in plants inoculated at 15 wps, with a similar incidence to that observed in the earlier inoculation groups”
Claim · model-written summary
All carrot plants inoculated at 19 wps or earlier were infected with Lso, as confirmed by molecular detection at harvest.
- Taxon
- CarrotsDaucus carotat0
- Treatment
- inoculated at 19 wps or earliere7
- Interactor
- Lsoe7pathogen
- Outcome
- infectede7
- Qualifier
- Molecular detection of Lso at harvest (23 wps)e7
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Carrots Infected with Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum”
e7“Molecular detection of Lso at harvest (23 wps) confirmed that all plants inoculated at 19 wps or earlier were infected”
Claim · model-written summary
Managing early-season vector pressure is recommended to minimize economic damage in carrots.
- Taxon
- carrotsDaucus carotae0
- Treatment
- managing early-season vector pressuree0
- Outcome
- economic damagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These results demonstrate that carrots are highly susceptible to Lso-induced yield losses at the earlier stages of growth and highlight the importance of managing early-season vector pressure to minimize economic damage”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · yield · Daucus carota (carrot)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.