Abstract
Introduction: Cover crops, like black oat, suppress weeds in multiple ways, e.g. by resource competition and/or root exudates, but very little is known about their root exudate composition. Methods: Root exudates from black oat interacting with intra- (black oat) and interspecific (redroot pigweed and blackgrass) neighbors were collected using split-root systems and analyzed with mass spectrometry. Changes in black oat root exudation patterns and root morphology were assessed. Moreover, collected exudates were applied to weeds to observe the effect on weed root traits. Results: Redroot pigweed root traits declined when grown with black oat, whereas blackgrass showed the opposite trend. Upon black oat root exudate application, pronounced effects on redroot pigweed root traits were observed, whereas there was no reaction in blackgrass. The proportionally more accumulated compounds in root exudates in response to neighbors were primarily organic oxygen compounds, most annotated as carbohydrates. In the presence of redroot pigweed, root exudation increased, with sugar sulphates and potential glycosylamines identified as priority compounds. Discussion: This study provides the first characterization of black oat root exudates and demonstrates the varying patterns of black oat root exudation when interacting with different neighbors and their influence on root traits.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Redroot pigweed root traits declined when grown with black oat
- Taxon
- Redroot pigweede1
- Interactor
- black oat
Avena strigosae1weed - Outcome
- Redroot pigweed root traitse1
- Direction
- declinede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“black oat”
e1“Redroot pigweed root traits declined when grown with black oat”
Claim · model-written summary
blackgrass showed the opposite trend
- Taxon
- blackgrass
Alopecurus myosuroidese1 - Interactor
- black oatAvena strigosat0weede1
- Outcome
- blackgrasse1
- Direction
- opposite trende1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“black oat”
e1“blackgrass showed the opposite trend”
Claim · model-written summary
Upon black oat root exudate application, pronounced effects on redroot pigweed root traits were observed
- Taxon
- redroot pigweede1
- Treatment
- black oat root exudate applicatione1
- Interactor
- black oatAvena strigosae1weed
- Outcome
- redroot pigweed root traitse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“black oat”
e1“Upon black oat root exudate application, pronounced effects on redroot pigweed root traits were observed”
Claim · model-written summary
there was no reaction in blackgrass
- Taxon
- blackgrassAlopecurus myosuroidese1
- Interactor
- black oatAvena strigosat0weede1
- Outcome
- reaction in blackgrasse1
- Direction
- no reactione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“black oat”
e1“there was no reaction in blackgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
The proportionally more accumulated compounds in root exudates in response to neighbors were primarily organic oxygen compounds
- Taxon
- black oatAvena strigosat0
- Interactor
- neighborse1other
- Outcome
- compounds in root exudatese1
- Direction
- more accumulatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“black oat”
e1“The proportionally more accumulated compounds in root exudates in response to neighbors were primarily organic oxygen compounds”
Claim · model-written summary
In the presence of redroot pigweed, root exudation increased
- Taxon
- black oatAvena strigosat0
- Interactor
- redroot pigweede1weed
- Outcome
- root exudatione1
- Direction
- increasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“black oat”
e1“In the presence of redroot pigweed, root exudation increased”
Claim · model-written summary
In the presence of redroot pigweed, root exudation increased, with sugar sulphates and potential glycosylamines identified as priority compounds
- Taxon
- black oatAvena strigosat0
- Interactor
- redroot pigweede1weed
- Outcome
- sugar sulphates and potential glycosylaminese1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“black oat”
e1“In the presence of redroot pigweed, root exudation increased, with sugar sulphates and potential glycosylamines identified as priority compounds”