Abstract
Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is a valuable agricultural crop, an important source of fiber and seeds necessary for industry and agriculture. The imperfect ascomycete Fusarium oxysporum is one of the most dangerous pathogens of flax. In the process of coevolution with plants, Fusarium oxysporum has developed several strategies at the molecular level to ensure successful infection. One such strategy is the use of small SIX effector proteins that facilitate infection and influence the host's immune response. In our work, we investigated the relationship between the expression patterns of DIM2 methyltransferase, five SIX genes, and the virulence level in three contrasting Folini strains: highly virulent M139, medium-virulent F476, and weakly virulent F200. We found that Folini infection releases genes SIX1 and SIX13, which are exclusively associated with the parasitic stage of development, and genes whose activity is increased outside the plant in M139: SIX7ab, SIX10, SIX12ab. The greatest difference in the expression of SIX genes between the resistant and susceptible varieties was observed on the 5th day after inoculation with a highly virulent strain for the SIX12 and SIX13 genes, determining their possible role in the formation of the protective response of the resistant variety. We found a unique pattern of changes in the expression of the DIM2 DNA methyltransferase gene, with a high level at an early stage of infection development and a sharp drop on the seventh day. DIM2 activity also significantly differed between contrasting flax varieties in the early and late stages of infection.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Folini infection releases SIX1 and SIX13, which are exclusively associated with the parasitic stage of development.
- Taxon
- Linum usitatissimum
Linum usitatissimumt0 - Interactor
- Folinie0pathogen
- Gene
- SIX1 and SIX13e0
- Outcome
- exclusively associated with the parasitic stage of developmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Folini infection releases genes SIX1 and SIX13, which are exclusively associated with the parasitic stage of development”
t0“Linum usitatissimum”
Claim · model-written summary
SIX7ab, SIX10 and SIX12ab show increased activity outside the plant in strain M139.
- Taxon
- Linum usitatissimumLinum usitatissimumt0
- Material
- M139e0
- Gene
- SIX7ab, SIX10, SIX12abe0
- Outcome
- activity is increased outside the plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“genes whose activity is increased outside the plant in M139: SIX7ab, SIX10, SIX12ab”
t0“Linum usitatissimum”
Claim · model-written summary
The greatest difference in SIX gene expression between resistant and susceptible varieties was on day 5 after inoculation with the highly virulent strain, for SIX12 and SIX13.
- Taxon
- Linum usitatissimumLinum usitatissimumt0
- Gene
- SIX12 and SIX13e0
- Outcome
- expression of SIX genese0
- Direction
- greatest differencee0
- Qualifier
- on the 5th day after inoculation with a highly virulent straine0
- Comparator
- resistant and susceptible varietiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greatest difference in the expression of SIX genes between the resistant and susceptible varieties was observed on the 5th day after inoculation with a highly virulent strain for the SIX12 and SIX13 genes”
t0“Linum usitatissimum”
Claim · model-written summary
SIX12 and SIX13 may play a role in forming the protective response of the resistant variety.
- Taxon
- Linum usitatissimumLinum usitatissimumt0
- Outcome
- protective response of the resistant varietye0
- Qualifier
- possible role in the formation of the protective responsee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“determining their possible role in the formation of the protective response of the resistant variety”
t0“Linum usitatissimum”
Claim · model-written summary
DIM2 DNA methyltransferase gene expression was at a high level at an early stage of infection development.
- Taxon
- Linum usitatissimumLinum usitatissimumt0
- Organ / stage
- early stage of infection developmente0
- Gene
- DIM2 DNA methyltransferase genee0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- high levele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a unique pattern of changes in the expression of the DIM2 DNA methyltransferase gene, with a high level at an early stage of infection development and a sharp drop on the seventh day”
t0“Linum usitatissimum”
Claim · model-written summary
DIM2 DNA methyltransferase gene expression dropped sharply on the seventh day of infection.
- Taxon
- Linum usitatissimumLinum usitatissimumt0
- Organ / stage
- seventh daye0
- Gene
- DIM2 DNA methyltransferase genee0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- sharp drope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a unique pattern of changes in the expression of the DIM2 DNA methyltransferase gene, with a high level at an early stage of infection development and a sharp drop on the seventh day”
t0“Linum usitatissimum”
Claim · model-written summary
DIM2 activity differed significantly between contrasting flax varieties in the early and late stages of infection.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimume0
- Organ / stage
- early and late stages of infectione0
- Gene
- DIM2e0
- Outcome
- DIM2 activitye0
- Comparator
- contrasting flax varietiese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DIM2 activity also significantly differed between contrasting flax varieties in the early and late stages of infection”