Abstract
The semidwarf phenotype has been extensively selected during modern crop breeding as an agronomically important trait. Introduction of the semidwarf gene, semi-dwarf1 (sd1), which encodes a gibberellin biosynthesis enzyme, made significant contributions to the “green revolution” in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Here we report that SD1 was involved not only in modern breeding including the green revolution, but also in early steps of rice domestication. We identified two SNPs in O. sativa subspecies (ssp.) japonica SD1 as functional nucleotide polymorphisms (FNPs) responsible for shorter culm length and low gibberellin biosynthetic activity. Genetic diversity analysis among O. sativa ssp. japonica and indica, along with their wild ancestor O. rufipogon Griff, revealed that these FNPs clearly differentiate the japonica landrace and O. rufipogon. We also found a dramatic reduction in nucleotide diversity around SD1 only in the japonica landrace, not in the indica landrace or O. rufipogon. These findings indicate that SD1 has been subjected to artificial selection in rice evolution and that the FNPs participated in japonica domestication, suggesting that ancient humans already used the green revolution gene.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Two SNPs in japonica SD1 (FNPs) are associated with shorter culm length in rice.
- Taxon
- O. sativa subspecies (ssp.) japonica
Oryza sativae1 - Gene
- SD1e1
- Outcome
- culm lengthe1
- Direction
- shortere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“We identified two SNPs in O. sativa subspecies (ssp.) japonica SD1 as functional nucleotide polymorphisms (FNPs) responsible for shorter culm length and low gibberellin biosynthetic activity”
Claim · model-written summary
The same SD1 FNPs are associated with low gibberellin biosynthetic activity in japonica rice.
- Taxon
- O. sativa subspecies (ssp.) japonicaOryza sativae1
- Gene
- SD1e1
- Outcome
- gibberellin biosynthetic activitye1
- Direction
- lowe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“We identified two SNPs in O. sativa subspecies (ssp.) japonica SD1 as functional nucleotide polymorphisms (FNPs) responsible for shorter culm length and low gibberellin biosynthetic activity”
Claim · model-written summary
The FNPs clearly differentiate the japonica landrace from O. rufipogon in genetic diversity analysis.
- Taxon
- O. sativa ssp. japonica
_by_Augustus_Binu.jpg?width=60)
Oryza sativa Japonica Groupe2 - Material
- japonica landracee2
- Outcome
- clearly differentiate the japonica landrace and O. rufipogone2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_by_Augustus_Binu.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e2“Genetic diversity analysis among O. sativa ssp. japonica and indica, along with their wild ancestor O. rufipogon Griff, revealed that these FNPs clearly differentiate the japonica landrace and O. rufipogon”
Claim · model-written summary
Nucleotide diversity around SD1 is dramatically reduced only in the japonica landrace, not in the indica landrace or O. rufipogon.
- Taxon
- O. sativa ssp. japonicaOryza sativa Japonica Groupe2
- Material
- japonica landracee3
- Gene
- SD1e3
- Outcome
- nucleotide diversity around SD1e3
- Direction
- reductione3
- Comparator
- indica landrace or O. rufipogone3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Genetic diversity analysis among O. sativa ssp. japonica and indica, along with their wild ancestor O. rufipogon Griff, revealed that these FNPs clearly differentiate the japonica landrace and O. rufipogon”
e3“We also found a dramatic reduction in nucleotide diversity around SD1 only in the japonica landrace, not in the indica landrace or O. rufipogon”
Claim · model-written summary
SD1 has been subjected to artificial selection in rice evolution.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae4
- Gene
- SD1e4
- Outcome
- subjected to artificial selectione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“These findings indicate that SD1 has been subjected to artificial selection in rice evolution and that the FNPs participated in japonica domestication”
Claim · model-written summary
The FNPs participated in japonica domestication.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae4
- Gene
- FNPse4
- Outcome
- japonica domesticatione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“These findings indicate that SD1 has been subjected to artificial selection in rice evolution and that the FNPs participated in japonica domestication”
Claim · model-written summary
SD1 was involved in modern breeding including the green revolution and in early steps of rice domestication.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae5
- Gene
- SD1e5
- Outcome
- in early steps of rice domesticatione5
- Qualifier
- modern breeding including the green revolutione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Here we report that SD1 was involved not only in modern breeding including the green revolution, but also in early steps of rice domestication”