Abstract
This study investigated the allelopathic effects of phytochemical compounds in Averrhoa carambola L. [starfruit (family Oxalidaceae)] leaf leachates on seedling growth of Hordeum vulgare L. (Barley) and Eleucine coracana (L.) Gaertn. (Finger millet). The A. carambola leaf extract was bio-assayed to determine the bioactivities of compounds and their phytochemical nature. In GC-MS analysis, total 19 bioactive-chemical compounds were identified the major were: Triterpenes (21.31 %), Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (14.44 %), 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol (9.85 %), Gamma-Sitosterol (8.99 %) etc. Most of these suppressed the seedlings growth. In laboratory assay, effects of 3-concentrations (10 %, 20 % and 30 %) of leaf extract were determined on seed germination and seedling growth. To evaluate the allelopathic effects in nursery, 10 g, 20 g and 30 g leaf mulch was added per pot. Findings revealed dose-dependent dual allelopathic effects where low concentrations stimulated while higher concentrations acted as phytotoxic. It reduced seed germination, root length of Eleucine coracana and; shoot length and biomass of Hordeum vulgare. In pot culture, Eleucine coracana, compared to Hordeum vulgare showed more stimulation (hormesis) at lower concentrations and resistance at doses of mulch. This allelopathic tolerance in H. vulgare indicated its potential for inclusion of Averrhoa carambola in agroforestry systems. It is recommended to evaluate Averrhoa carambola for dose dependent allelopathic effects on the other important Himalayan crops under field conditions.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf leachates reduced seed germination and root length of Eleucine coracana.
- Taxon
- Eleucine coracanae1
- Treatment
- leaf leachatest0
- Outcome
- seed germination, root lengthe1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Averrhoa carambola L. leaf leachates”
e1“It reduced seed germination, root length of Eleucine coracana and; shoot length and biomass of Hordeum vulgare”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf leachates reduced shoot length and biomass of Hordeum vulgare.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgare
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Hordeum vulgaree1 - Treatment
- leaf leachatest0
- Outcome
- shoot length and biomasse1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Averrhoa carambola L. leaf leachates”
e1“It reduced seed germination, root length of Eleucine coracana and; shoot length and biomass of Hordeum vulgare”
Claim · model-written summary
In pot culture, Eleucine coracana showed more stimulation (hormesis) than Hordeum vulgare at lower concentrations.
Verbatim
t0“Averrhoa carambola L. leaf leachates”
e2“In pot culture, Eleucine coracana, compared to Hordeum vulgare showed more stimulation (hormesis) at lower concentrations and resistance at doses of mulch”
Claim · model-written summary
In pot culture, Eleucine coracana showed more resistance than Hordeum vulgare at doses of leaf mulch.
Verbatim
t0“Averrhoa carambola L. leaf leachates”
e2“In pot culture, Eleucine coracana, compared to Hordeum vulgare showed more stimulation (hormesis) at lower concentrations and resistance at doses of mulch”
Claim · model-written summary
Evaluating Averrhoa carambola for dose-dependent allelopathic effects on other Himalayan crops under field conditions is recommended.
- Taxon
- Averrhoa carambola
Averrhoa carambolae3 - Outcome
- dose dependent allelopathic effectse3
- Setting
- field conditionse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“It is recommended to evaluate Averrhoa carambola for dose dependent allelopathic effects on the other important Himalayan crops under field conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
GC-MS analysis identified 19 bioactive-chemical compounds in Averrhoa carambola leaf extract.
- Taxon
- Averrhoa carambolaAverrhoa carambolat0
- Outcome
- bioactive-chemical compoundse4
- Value
- total 19e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Averrhoa carambola L. leaf leachates”
e4“In GC-MS analysis, total 19 bioactive-chemical compounds were identified”
Claim · model-written summary
Triterpenes were the major compound group in Averrhoa carambola leaf extract at 21.31%.
- Taxon
- Averrhoa carambolaAverrhoa carambolat0
- Outcome
- Triterpenese5
- Value
- 21.31 %e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Averrhoa carambola L. leaf leachates”
e5“Triterpenes (21.31 %)”