Abstract
Sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris) is one of two plants from which sugar is broadly produced, accounting for 55% of U.S. sugar ($1B, U.S.) and 35% global raw sugar ($4.6B), annually. The sugar beet root maggot ( Tetanops myopaeformis ) is its top pathogen in the U.S., and capable of causing total crop failure, making its study of urgent need. A B. vulgaris protease inhibitor, Bv STI (DV501688), one of 22 of its Kunitz trypsin inhibitors (KTIs) was shown through deep learning analyses to bind 9 different T. myopaeformis trypsins (Trps). As a surrogate crop experimental system to understand resistance in the B. vulgaris-T. myopaeformis pathosystem, transgenic analysis identified homologous Glycine max (soybean) KTIs expressed in root cells undergoing resistance to its most important pathogen, Heterodera glycines and suppresses parasitism by greater than 80%. The study adds to a list of 114 soybean genes identified in laser microdissection-assisted analyses whose expression suppresses H. glycines parasitism. Deep learning analyses demonstrate the predicted interaction between 2 different H. glycines Trps and each of the 114 defense proteins. Predicted interactions include proteins functioning in the circadian clock, pathogen activated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI), nodulation, salicylic acid-mediated defense processes, cell wall metabolism, and vesicle transport including an alpha soluble NSF attachment protein homolog found at the Rhg1 locus. BLASTp analyses of the B. vulgaris proteome with all 114 G. max defense proteins identified the sugar beet homologs as a pool of potential candidate genes to be employed to generate durable resistance to T. myopaeformis .
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Deep learning predicted binding of Bv STI to nine sugar beet root maggot trypsins.
- Taxon
- B. vulgaris
Beta vulgarise0 - Interactor
- T. myopaeformisTetanops myopaeformise0
- Gene
- Bv STIe0
- Outcome
- bind 9 different T. myopaeformis trypsinse0
- Value
- 9e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A B. vulgaris protease inhibitor, Bv STI (DV501688), one of 22 of its Kunitz trypsin inhibitors (KTIs) was shown through deep learning analyses to bind 9 different T. myopaeformis trypsins (Trps).”
Claim · model-written summary
Homologous soybean KTIs were identified in root cells undergoing resistance to Heterodera glycines.
- Taxon
- Glycine max
Glycine maxe0 - Organ / stage
- root cellse0
- Interactor
- Heterodera glycines
Heterodera glycinese0 - Gene
- KTIse0
- Outcome
- KTIs expressed in root cells undergoing resistancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transgenic analysis identified homologous Glycine max (soybean) KTIs expressed in root cells undergoing resistance to its most important pathogen, Heterodera glycines”
Claim · model-written summary
Transgenic soybean KTI expression suppressed Heterodera glycines parasitism by greater than 80%.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- transgenic analysise0
- Interactor
- Heterodera glycinesHeterodera glycinese0
- Gene
- KTIse0
- Outcome
- parasitisme0
- Direction
- suppressese0
- Value
- greater than 80%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transgenic analysis identified homologous Glycine max (soybean) KTIs expressed in root cells undergoing resistance to its most important pathogen, Heterodera glycines and suppresses parasitism by greater than 80%.”
Claim · model-written summary
Laser microdissection-assisted analyses identified 114 soybean genes whose expression suppresses H. glycines parasitism.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Interactor
- H. glycinesHeterodera glycinese0
- Outcome
- genes identifiede0
- Value
- 114e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“114 soybean genes identified in laser microdissection-assisted analyses whose expression suppresses H. glycines parasitism.”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep learning predicted interactions between two H. glycines trypsins and each of 114 soybean defense proteins.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Interactor
- H. glycinesHeterodera glycinese0
- Outcome
- predicted interactione0
- Value
- 2e0
- Qualifier
- 114 defense proteinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Deep learning analyses demonstrate the predicted interaction between 2 different H. glycines Trps and each of the 114 defense proteins.”
e1“soybean genes”
Claim · model-written summary
Predicted nematode–soybean protein interactions included circadian, immune, nodulation, salicylic acid, cell-wall, and vesicle-transport functions.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Gene
- Rhg1e0
- Outcome
- Predicted interactions include proteins functioning in the circadian clock, pathogen activated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI), nodulation, salicylic acid-mediated defense processes, cell wall metabolism, and vesicle transporte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Predicted interactions include proteins functioning in the circadian clock, pathogen activated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI), nodulation, salicylic acid-mediated defense processes, cell wall metabolism, and vesicle transport including an alpha soluble NSF attachment protein homolog found at the Rhg1 locus.”
e1“soybean genes”
Claim · model-written summary
BLASTp identified sugar beet homologs of all 114 soybean defense proteins as resistance candidates against T. myopaeformis.
- Taxon
- B. vulgarisBeta vulgarise0
- Interactor
- T. myopaeformisTetanops myopaeformise0
- Outcome
- sugar beet homologse0
- Value
- 114e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BLASTp analyses of the B. vulgaris proteome with all 114 G. max defense proteins identified the sugar beet homologs as a pool of potential candidate genes to be employed to generate durable resistance to T. myopaeformis .”