Abstract
Abstract BACKGROUND This study investigated the effects of water stress on early blight disease, Alternaria alternata (EB)‐severity and yield performance in 44 potato genotypes, including two control cultivars ‘Agria’ (susceptible) and ‘Marfona’ (moderately resistant) to EB, under field conditions in Esfahan, Iran over two years (2021–2022). A strip‐plot design within a randomized complete‐block design with three replications was used to compare conventional irrigation with water stress (30% reduction in irrigation). The disease‐severity percentage (DSP) and yield components (total, marketable and nonmarketable yields) were evaluated. RESULTS ANOVA results showed no significant differences between years for DSP or total yield, but water stress significantly increased DSP (from 28 to 36 ton ha −1 and reduced total yield) (from 39 to 29 ton ha −1 , a decrease of ≈26%). Significant genotype effects and interactions (stress × genotype, year × genotype) were observed. Water stress significantly increased DSP in susceptible genotypes such as 10/24‐R3 (from 57 to 67) and ‘Marfona’ (from 47 to 53), whereas resistant genotypes such as 7/27‐R1 (12 to 13) and 6/27‐R2 (15 to 24) showed minimal changes. The highest total yields under nonstress conditions were observed in genotypes such as 25/34‐R3 (56 ton ha −1 ) and 5/27‐R3 (55 ton ha −1 ), with significant reductions under stress. Moreover, there was no significant correlation between disease severity and total yield ( r = −0.080 ns ), whereas it was significant between water stress and total yield ( r = 0.668**), but not significant between nonwater stress and total yield ( r = −0.236 ns ). Moreover, there was a significant correlation between water stress and disease severity (0.927**); but a nonsignificant association between nonwater stress and disease severity ( r = −0.183 ns ). Phylogenetic analysis of A. alternata isolates using the gpd gene revealed genetic diversity, grouping into two main clades. CONCLUSION The study highlights the importance of selecting drought‐ and disease‐resistant genotypes to mitigate the combined effects of abiotic and biotic stresses. In addition to genotype selection, appropriate irrigation timing, especially during tuber formation and bulking stages, can reduce drought's adverse effects. Overall, the combined assessment of water‐stress responses, genotype‐specific resistance patterns and phylogenetic relationships of A. alternata isolates provides practical guidance for selecting resilient potato genotypes and optimizing irrigation management, thereby supporting breeding and integrated disease control strategies under increasing drought and climate variability. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Disease severity and total yield did not differ significantly between years.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosumt0 - Outcome
- DSP or total yielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no significant differences between years for DSP or total yield”
t0“potato yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress increased early blight disease severity.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- water stresse0
- Interactor
- Alternaria alternata
.jpg?width=60)
Alternaria alternatae6pathogen - Outcome
- DSPe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“water stress significantly increased DSP”
t0“potato yield”
t1“Drought stress intensifies early blight and compromises potato yield”
e7“water stress significantly increased DSP”
e6“Alternaria alternata (EB)‐severity”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress reduced total yield from 39 to 29 ton ha −1.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- water stresse7
- Outcome
- total yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- ≈26%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced total yield) (from 39 to 29 ton ha −1 , a decrease of ≈26%)”
t0“potato yield”
t1“Drought stress intensifies early blight and compromises potato yield”
e7“water stress significantly increased DSP”
e6“Alternaria alternata (EB)‐severity”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotype and stress-by-genotype and year-by-genotype interactions were significant.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- genotype effects and interactionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant genotype effects and interactions (stress × genotype, year × genotype) were observed”
t0“potato yield”
t1“Drought stress intensifies early blight and compromises potato yield”
e7“water stress significantly increased DSP”
e6“Alternaria alternata (EB)‐severity”
Claim · model-written summary
Stress increased disease severity in genotype 10/24‐R3 from 57 to 67.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- 10/24‐R3e0
- Treatment
- Water stresse0
- Outcome
- DSPe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 57 to 67e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water stress significantly increased DSP in susceptible genotypes such as 10/24‐R3 (from 57 to 67)”
t0“potato yield”
t1“Drought stress intensifies early blight and compromises potato yield”
e7“water stress significantly increased DSP”
e6“Alternaria alternata (EB)‐severity”
Claim · model-written summary
Stress increased disease severity in Marfona from 47 to 53.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- Marfonae0
- Treatment
- Water stresse0
- Outcome
- DSPe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 47 to 53e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water stress significantly increased DSP in susceptible genotypes such as 10/24‐R3 (from 57 to 67) and ‘Marfona’ (from 47 to 53)”
t0“potato yield”
t1“Drought stress intensifies early blight and compromises potato yield”
e7“water stress significantly increased DSP”
e6“Alternaria alternata (EB)‐severity”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistant 7/27‐R1 had minimal disease severity change under stress.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- 7/27‐R1e0
- Treatment
- Water stresse7
- Outcome
- minimal changese0
- Direction
- minimal changese0
- Value
- 12 to 13e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resistant genotypes such as 7/27‐R1 (12 to 13) and 6/27‐R2 (15 to 24) showed minimal changes”
t0“potato yield”
t1“Drought stress intensifies early blight and compromises potato yield”
e7“water stress significantly increased DSP”
e6“Alternaria alternata (EB)‐severity”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistant 6/27‐R2 had minimal disease severity change under stress.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- 6/27‐R2e0
- Treatment
- Water stresse7
- Outcome
- minimal changese0
- Direction
- minimal changese0
- Value
- 15 to 24e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resistant genotypes such as 7/27‐R1 (12 to 13) and 6/27‐R2 (15 to 24) showed minimal changes”
t0“potato yield”
t1“Drought stress intensifies early blight and compromises potato yield”
e7“water stress significantly increased DSP”
e6“Alternaria alternata (EB)‐severity”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotype 25/34‐R3 yielded 56 ton ha −1 without stress, among the highest.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- 25/34‐R3e0
- Outcome
- total yieldse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 56 ton ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest total yields under nonstress conditions were observed in genotypes such as 25/34‐R3 (56 ton ha −1 )”
t0“potato yield”
t1“Drought stress intensifies early blight and compromises potato yield”
e7“water stress significantly increased DSP”
e6“Alternaria alternata (EB)‐severity”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotype 5/27‐R3 yielded 55 ton ha −1 without stress, among the highest.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- 5/27‐R3e0
- Outcome
- total yieldse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 55 ton ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest total yields under nonstress conditions were observed in genotypes such as 25/34‐R3 (56 ton ha −1 ) and 5/27‐R3 (55 ton ha −1 )”
t0“potato yield”
t1“Drought stress intensifies early blight and compromises potato yield”
e7“water stress significantly increased DSP”
e6“Alternaria alternata (EB)‐severity”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease severity and total yield were not significantly correlated.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- total yielde0
- Value
- −0.080e0
- Comparator
- disease severitye0
Not reportedInteractorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no significant correlation between disease severity and total yield ( r = −0.080 ns )”
t0“potato yield”
t1“Drought stress intensifies early blight and compromises potato yield”
e7“water stress significantly increased DSP”
e6“Alternaria alternata (EB)‐severity”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress and total yield were significantly correlated.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- water stresse0
- Outcome
- total yielde0
- Value
- 0.668e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant between water stress and total yield ( r = 0.668**)”
t0“potato yield”
t1“Drought stress intensifies early blight and compromises potato yield”
e7“water stress significantly increased DSP”
e6“Alternaria alternata (EB)‐severity”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease severity and water stress were significantly correlated.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- water stresse0
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Value
- 0.927e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant correlation between water stress and disease severity (0.927**)”
t0“potato yield”
t1“Drought stress intensifies early blight and compromises potato yield”
e7“water stress significantly increased DSP”
e6“Alternaria alternata (EB)‐severity”
Claim · model-written summary
A. alternata isolates formed two genetic clades.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Interactor
- A. alternataAlternaria alternatae0pathogen
- Outcome
- genetic diversity, grouping into two main cladese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phylogenetic analysis of A. alternata isolates using the gpd gene revealed genetic diversity, grouping into two main clades”
t0“potato yield”
t1“Drought stress intensifies early blight and compromises potato yield”
e7“water stress significantly increased DSP”
e6“Alternaria alternata (EB)‐severity”
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