Abstract
Introduction Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans severely threatens potato production, necessitating novel natural fungicide. Methods Ethanol extracts from 11 wild plants were screened for anti-oomycete activity. Active extracts from Artemisia lavandulaefolia and Clinopodium repens were fractionated. The petroleum ether fraction and aqueous fraction were evaluated for effects on mycelial growth, morphology, spore germination, pathogenicity, stress response, and synergy with fungicide Infinito. Components were analyzed by LC-MS. Results A. lavandulaefolia and C. repens extracts showed the highest inhibition (88.3% and 81.3%). the petroleum ether fraction of A. lavandulaefolia and the aqueous fraction of C. repens exhibited strong activity (IC 50 : 115.78 and 649.59 μg/mL), inhibited diverse isolates, and altered hyphal morphology. Spore germination reduced to 27.19% and 31.80%. Both fractions reduced tuber pathogenicity and showed stress tolerance. Combined with Infinito (IC 50 ), enhanced inhibition was observed. LC-MS tentatively identified 20 components each, primarily flavonoids and phenolics. Discussion This study elucidated that the petroleum ether fraction of A. lavandulaefolia and the aqueous fraction of C. repens are potential natural anti-oomycete resources, providing a basis for the development of environmentally friendly inhibitors against late blight.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
The A. lavandulaefolia extract showed the highest inhibition of P. infestans, 88.3%.
- Taxon
- A. lavandulaefoliae0
- Treatment
- extractse0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestans
Phytophthora infestanst0pathogen - Outcome
- inhibitione0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 88.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phytophthora infestans”
e0“A. lavandulaefolia and C. repens extracts showed the highest inhibition (88.3% and 81.3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
The C. repens extract showed high inhibition of P. infestans, 81.3%.
- Taxon
- C. repensClinopodium repense0
- Treatment
- extractse0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanst0pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibitione0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 81.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phytophthora infestans”
e0“A. lavandulaefolia and C. repens extracts showed the highest inhibition (88.3% and 81.3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
The petroleum ether fraction of A. lavandulaefolia exhibited strong anti-oomycete activity (IC50 115.78 ug/mL).
- Taxon
- A. lavandulaefoliae0
- Treatment
- petroleum ether fractione0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanst0pathogen
- Outcome
- activitye0
- Value
- 115.78e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phytophthora infestans”
e0“the petroleum ether fraction of A. lavandulaefolia and the aqueous fraction of C. repens exhibited strong activity (IC 50 : 115.78 and 649.59 μg/mL)”
Claim · model-written summary
The aqueous fraction of C. repens exhibited strong anti-oomycete activity (IC50 649.59 ug/mL).
- Taxon
- C. repensClinopodium repense0
- Treatment
- aqueous fractione0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanst0pathogen
- Outcome
- activitye0
- Value
- 649.59 μg/mLe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phytophthora infestans”
e0“the petroleum ether fraction of A. lavandulaefolia and the aqueous fraction of C. repens exhibited strong activity (IC 50 : 115.78 and 649.59 μg/mL)”
Claim · model-written summary
The active fractions inhibited diverse P. infestans isolates.
- Taxon
- Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanst0
- Outcome
- inhibited diverse isolatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phytophthora infestans”
e0“inhibited diverse isolates”
Claim · model-written summary
The active fractions altered hyphal morphology of P. infestans.
- Taxon
- Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanst0
- Outcome
- altered hyphal morphologye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phytophthora infestans”
e0“altered hyphal morphology”
Claim · model-written summary
Spore germination of P. infestans was reduced to 27.19%.
- Taxon
- Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanst0
- Outcome
- Spore germinatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 27.19%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phytophthora infestans”
e0“Spore germination reduced to 27.19% and 31.80%”
Claim · model-written summary
Spore germination of P. infestans was reduced to 31.80%.
- Taxon
- Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanst0
- Outcome
- Spore germinatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 31.80%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phytophthora infestans”
e0“Spore germination reduced to 27.19% and 31.80%”
Claim · model-written summary
Both fractions reduced pathogenicity of P. infestans on potato tubers.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosume1 - Treatment
- Both fractionse0
- Outcome
- tuber pathogenicitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both fractions reduced tuber pathogenicity”
e1“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining the fractions with the fungicide Infinito (at IC50) enhanced inhibition of P. infestans.
- Taxon
- Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanst0
- Treatment
- Combined with Infinitoe0
- Outcome
- inhibitione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phytophthora infestans”
e0“Combined with Infinito (IC 50 ), enhanced inhibition was observed”
Claim · model-written summary
LC-MS tentatively identified 20 components in each of the two fractions, primarily flavonoids and phenolics.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“LC-MS tentatively identified 20 components each, primarily flavonoids and phenolics”