Abstract
Walnut septum (WS), a major by-product of walnut processing, represents a promising source of bioactive compounds with potential antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. This study aimed to characterise the phytochemical composition of WS extracts from different habitat origins and evaluate their antimicrobial activity. Total amino acids were profiled by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, while phenolic compounds were analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Both methods were evaluated according to ICH Q2 (R2) guidelines for analytical procedure validation. The results showed a complex composition of amino acids and polyphenols, including ellagic acid and quercitrin. However, it was clear that habitat variations in WS samples had a significant impact on the quantities and composition of phenolic compounds and total amino acids in WS extracts. Antimicrobial activity was assessed against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. Variations in antimicrobial efficacy were associated with differences in phenolic composition and content due to habitat differences in WS sample origins. Collectively, this study highlights the WS as a valuable agro-industrial by-product with potential applications as a natural source of antimicrobial compounds in food and pharmaceutical systems.
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Claims 3
Claim · model-written summary
The results showed a complex composition of amino acids and polyphenols in walnut septum extracts, including ellagic acid and quercitrin.
- Taxon
- Juglans regia L.
Juglans regiat0 - Outcome
- complex composition of amino acids and polyphenols, including ellagic acid and quercitrine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Juglans regia L.”
e0“The results showed a complex composition of amino acids and polyphenols, including ellagic acid and quercitrin”
Claim · model-written summary
Habitat differences in walnut septum samples significantly affected the quantities and composition of phenolic compounds and total amino acids in the extracts; direction not stated.
- Taxon
- Juglans regia L.Juglans regiat0
- Treatment
- habitat variationse0
- Outcome
- quantities and composition of phenolic compounds and total amino acidse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Juglans regia L.”
e0“habitat variations in WS samples had a significant impact on the quantities and composition of phenolic compounds and total amino acids in WS extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
Variations in antimicrobial efficacy of walnut septum extracts were associated with differences in phenolic composition and content due to habitat differences in sample origin.
- Taxon
- Juglans regia L.Juglans regiat0
- Compound
- phenolic composition and contente0
- Outcome
- antimicrobial efficacye0
- Setting
- habitat differencese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Juglans regia L.”
e0“Variations in antimicrobial efficacy were associated with differences in phenolic composition and content due to habitat differences in WS sample origins”