Abstract
Leaf blight and fruit rot caused by Phomopsis vexans are critical issues for eggplant crops. Our study evaluated the biochar amendment, alone and in combination with a foliar spray of silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO2-NPs), on plant performance and disease development. Fungal infection reduced plant growth, with a 22% decline in plant height and a marked decrease in chlorophyll and carotenoid levels. Adding biochar plant height mitigated these effects: the highest dose (30 g) increased plant height in infected plants by 17.1% and increased pigment concentrations and POX and PPO activities. At the same time, the blight index declined. When biochar was combined with SiO2-NPs, the improvements were more pronounced. In infected plants, the 30 g + SiO2-NPs treatment produced substantial improvement in plant height (+31.3%) and shoot biomass and restored chlorophyll and carotenoid contents by 63% and 28.1%, respectively. This treatment also produced the lowest blight index and the strongest enzymatic responses. Principal component analyses discriminated treated plants from infected ones. These findings indicate that biochar and SiO2-NPs can jointly enhance plant resilience to P. vexans infection, reducing its negative impact.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal infection reduced eggplant plant height by 22%.
- Taxon
- eggplant
Solanum melongenae0 - Treatment
- Fungal infectione1
- Interactor
- Phomopsis vexansDiaporthe vexanse0pathogen
- Outcome
- plant heighte1
- Direction
- declinee1
- Value
- 22%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf blight and fruit rot caused by Phomopsis vexans are critical issues for eggplant crops”
e1“Fungal infection reduced plant growth, with a 22% decline in plant height and a marked decrease in chlorophyll and carotenoid levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal infection markedly decreased chlorophyll and carotenoid levels in eggplant.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- Fungal infectione1
- Interactor
- Phomopsis vexansDiaporthe vexanse0pathogen
- Outcome
- chlorophyll and carotenoid levelse1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Qualifier
- markede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf blight and fruit rot caused by Phomopsis vexans are critical issues for eggplant crops”
e1“Fungal infection reduced plant growth, with a 22% decline in plant height and a marked decrease in chlorophyll and carotenoid levels”
Claim · model-written summary
In infected eggplant, the highest biochar dose (30 g) increased plant height by 17.1%.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- the highest dose (30 g)e2
- Interactor
- Phomopsis vexansDiaporthe vexanse0pathogen
- Outcome
- plant heighte2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 17.1%e2
- Qualifier
- in infected plantse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf blight and fruit rot caused by Phomopsis vexans are critical issues for eggplant crops”
e2“Adding biochar plant height mitigated these effects: the highest dose (30 g) increased plant height in infected plants by 17.1% and increased pigment concentrations and POX and PPO activities”
Claim · model-written summary
In infected eggplant, the highest biochar dose (30 g) increased pigment concentrations.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- the highest dose (30 g)e2
- Interactor
- Phomopsis vexansDiaporthe vexanse0pathogen
- Outcome
- pigment concentrationse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Qualifier
- in infected plantse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf blight and fruit rot caused by Phomopsis vexans are critical issues for eggplant crops”
e2“Adding biochar plant height mitigated these effects: the highest dose (30 g) increased plant height in infected plants by 17.1% and increased pigment concentrations and POX and PPO activities”
Claim · model-written summary
In infected eggplant, the highest biochar dose (30 g) increased POX and PPO activities.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- the highest dose (30 g)e2
- Interactor
- Phomopsis vexansDiaporthe vexanse0pathogen
- Gene
- POX and PPOe2
- Outcome
- POX and PPO activitiese2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Qualifier
- in infected plantse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf blight and fruit rot caused by Phomopsis vexans are critical issues for eggplant crops”
e2“Adding biochar plant height mitigated these effects: the highest dose (30 g) increased plant height in infected plants by 17.1% and increased pigment concentrations and POX and PPO activities”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding biochar reduced the blight index in infected eggplant.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- Adding biochare2
- Interactor
- Phomopsis vexansDiaporthe vexanse0pathogen
- Outcome
- blight indexe3
- Direction
- declinede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf blight and fruit rot caused by Phomopsis vexans are critical issues for eggplant crops”
e2“Adding biochar plant height mitigated these effects: the highest dose (30 g) increased plant height in infected plants by 17.1% and increased pigment concentrations and POX and PPO activities”
e3“At the same time, the blight index declined”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining biochar with SiO2-NPs made the improvements more pronounced than biochar alone.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- biochar was combined with SiO2-NPse4
- Outcome
- improvementse4
- Direction
- more pronouncede4
- Comparator
- biochare4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf blight and fruit rot caused by Phomopsis vexans are critical issues for eggplant crops”
e4“When biochar was combined with SiO2-NPs, the improvements were more pronounced”
Claim · model-written summary
In infected eggplant, the 30 g biochar plus SiO2-NPs treatment increased plant height by 31.3%.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- 30 g + SiO2-NPs treatmente5
- Interactor
- Phomopsis vexansDiaporthe vexanse0pathogen
- Outcome
- plant heighte5
- Direction
- improvemente5
- Value
- +31.3%e5
- Qualifier
- In infected plantse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf blight and fruit rot caused by Phomopsis vexans are critical issues for eggplant crops”
e5“In infected plants, the 30 g + SiO2-NPs treatment produced substantial improvement in plant height (+31.3%) and shoot biomass and restored chlorophyll and carotenoid contents by 63% and 28.1%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
In infected eggplant, the 30 g biochar plus SiO2-NPs treatment improved shoot biomass.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- 30 g + SiO2-NPse5
- Interactor
- Phomopsis vexansDiaporthe vexanse0pathogen
- Outcome
- shoot biomasse5
- Direction
- improvemente5
- Qualifier
- In infected plantse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf blight and fruit rot caused by Phomopsis vexans are critical issues for eggplant crops”
e5“In infected plants, the 30 g + SiO2-NPs treatment produced substantial improvement in plant height (+31.3%) and shoot biomass and restored chlorophyll and carotenoid contents by 63% and 28.1%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
In infected eggplant, the 30 g biochar plus SiO2-NPs treatment restored chlorophyll by 63%.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- 30 g + SiO2-NPs treatmente5
- Interactor
- Phomopsis vexansDiaporthe vexanse0pathogen
- Outcome
- chlorophylle5
- Direction
- restorede5
- Value
- 63%e5
- Qualifier
- In infected plantse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf blight and fruit rot caused by Phomopsis vexans are critical issues for eggplant crops”
e5“In infected plants, the 30 g + SiO2-NPs treatment produced substantial improvement in plant height (+31.3%) and shoot biomass and restored chlorophyll and carotenoid contents by 63% and 28.1%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
In infected eggplant, the 30 g biochar plus SiO2-NPs treatment restored carotenoid contents by 28.1%.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- 30 g + SiO2-NPs treatmente5
- Interactor
- Phomopsis vexansDiaporthe vexanse0pathogen
- Outcome
- carotenoid contentse5
- Direction
- restorede5
- Value
- 28.1%e5
- Qualifier
- In infected plantse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf blight and fruit rot caused by Phomopsis vexans are critical issues for eggplant crops”
e5“In infected plants, the 30 g + SiO2-NPs treatment produced substantial improvement in plant height (+31.3%) and shoot biomass and restored chlorophyll and carotenoid contents by 63% and 28.1%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The 30 g biochar plus SiO2-NPs treatment produced the lowest blight index in eggplant.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- 30 g + SiO2-NPs treatmente5
- Interactor
- Phomopsis vexansDiaporthe vexanse0pathogen
- Outcome
- blight indexe6
- Direction
- loweste6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf blight and fruit rot caused by Phomopsis vexans are critical issues for eggplant crops”
e5“In infected plants, the 30 g + SiO2-NPs treatment produced substantial improvement in plant height (+31.3%) and shoot biomass and restored chlorophyll and carotenoid contents by 63% and 28.1%, respectively”
e6“This treatment also produced the lowest blight index and the strongest enzymatic responses”
Claim · model-written summary
The 30 g biochar plus SiO2-NPs treatment produced the strongest enzymatic responses in eggplant.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- 30 g + SiO2-NPs treatmente5
- Interactor
- Phomopsis vexansDiaporthe vexanse0pathogen
- Outcome
- enzymatic responsese6
- Direction
- strongeste6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf blight and fruit rot caused by Phomopsis vexans are critical issues for eggplant crops”
e5“In infected plants, the 30 g + SiO2-NPs treatment produced substantial improvement in plant height (+31.3%) and shoot biomass and restored chlorophyll and carotenoid contents by 63% and 28.1%, respectively”
e6“This treatment also produced the lowest blight index and the strongest enzymatic responses”
Claim · model-written summary
Principal component analysis separated treated eggplant plants from infected ones.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Outcome
- treated plants from infected onese7
- Qualifier
- Principal component analysese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf blight and fruit rot caused by Phomopsis vexans are critical issues for eggplant crops”
e7“Principal component analyses discriminated treated plants from infected ones”
The same questions in other papers
silicon dioxide · Diaporthe vexans · Solanum melongena (eggplant)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
biochar · Diaporthe vexans · Solanum melongena (eggplant)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.