Abstract
Abstract This study presents the first reproducible vitrification-based cryopreservation protocol for shoot tips of sycamore maple ( Acer pseudoplatanus L.), a tree of high ecological and economic significance in Central Europe. By safeguarding genetically verified material, including rare wood traits, this work supports the integration of the species into long-term ex situ conservation programmes. We investigated the influence of explant size, hardening duration, daytime temperature during hardening, and pre-culture across four genotypes. The protocol involved 4 wk of cold hardening under short-day conditions, a pre-culture at low temperature, vitrification with a plant vitrification solution, storage in liquid nitrogen, rapid rewarming, and gradual recovery under controlled light. Explant size proved decisive: shoot tips of 1–2 mm in length regrew at substantially higher rates and developed more vigorous shoots than larger explants. Four weeks of hardening with daytime temperatures between 3 and 7°C followed by pre-culture at 5°C produced the most reliable outcomes. The most responsive genotype reached regrowth in up to 90% of the explants, and for the remaining three genotypes, 50–64% regrowth was achieved. Post-cryopreservation, multiplication factors were comparable to non-cryopreserved control. Hyperhydricity occurred in a genotype-dependent manner but remained low overall. Thus, the protocol enables cryopreservation of sycamore maple genotypes, ensuring both survival and propagation potential.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot tips of 1–2 mm regrew more and developed more vigorous shoots than larger explants.
- Taxon
- sycamore maple
Acer pseudoplatanust0 - Organ / stage
- shoot tipse0
- Treatment
- 1–2 mm in lengthe0
- Outcome
- regrew at substantially higher rates and developed more vigorous shootse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- larger explantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“shoot tips of 1–2 mm in length regrew at substantially higher rates and developed more vigorous shoots than larger explants”
t0“sycamore maple”
Claim · model-written summary
Four weeks of hardening at 3–7°C followed by 5°C pre-culture gave the most reliable outcomes.
- Taxon
- sycamore mapleAcer pseudoplatanust0
- Treatment
- Four weeks of hardening with daytime temperatures between 3 and 7°C followed by pre-culture at 5°Ce0
- Outcome
- most reliable outcomese0
- Direction
- most reliablee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four weeks of hardening with daytime temperatures between 3 and 7°C followed by pre-culture at 5°C produced the most reliable outcomes”
t0“sycamore maple”
Claim · model-written summary
The most responsive genotype reached up to 90% regrowth.
- Taxon
- sycamore mapleAcer pseudoplatanust0
- Material
- most responsive genotypee0
- Outcome
- regrowthe0
- Value
- up to 90%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most responsive genotype reached regrowth in up to 90% of the explants”
t0“sycamore maple”
Claim · model-written summary
The remaining three genotypes reached 50–64% regrowth.
- Taxon
- sycamore mapleAcer pseudoplatanust0
- Material
- remaining three genotypese0
- Outcome
- regrowthe0
- Value
- 50–64%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for the remaining three genotypes, 50–64% regrowth was achieved”
t0“sycamore maple”
Claim · model-written summary
Post-cryopreservation multiplication was comparable to non-cryopreserved controls.
- Taxon
- sycamore mapleAcer pseudoplatanust0
- Treatment
- Post-cryopreservatione0
- Outcome
- multiplication factorse0
- Direction
- comparablee0
- Comparator
- non-cryopreserved controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Post-cryopreservation, multiplication factors were comparable to non-cryopreserved control”
t0“sycamore maple”
Claim · model-written summary
Hyperhydricity varied by genotype but remained low overall.
- Taxon
- sycamore mapleAcer pseudoplatanust0
- Outcome
- Hyperhydricitye0
- Qualifier
- genotype-dependent manner but remained low overalle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hyperhydricity occurred in a genotype-dependent manner but remained low overall”
t0“sycamore maple”
Claim · model-written summary
The protocol enables cryopreservation with survival and propagation potential.
- Taxon
- sycamore mapleAcer pseudoplatanuse0
- Outcome
- cryopreservation of sycamore maple genotypese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the protocol enables cryopreservation of sycamore maple genotypes, ensuring both survival and propagation potential”