Paper · 2026 · Journal of biology and nature

Diversity, Composition and Threats Caused by Anthropogenic Activities on Riparian Vegetation across Agro-ecosystem Landscapes of Bhadra River

H. T. Raghavendra Gowda; Kiran Malgimani; G. R. Sowmya; et al.

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claims
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verbatim quotes
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citations
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Open access · cc-by

Abstract

Riparian areas are the unique areas adjacent water body. These transitional zones play a vital role in maintaining water quality and regulating hydrological processes. The current study focuses on the downstream agro-ecosystem landscapes of the Bhadra River, aiming to develop a comprehensive checklist of riparian flora. It examines the tree species diversity, composition and richness of Riparian area from January to May 2025. The study also emphasis to assesses anthropogenic disturbances affecting riparian vegetation in the study area. Random plots were laid on both the sides of Agroecosystem riparian areas of downstream Bhadra River. A total of 48 tree species belonging to 24 families were recorded from the riparian agroecosystem zones of the Bhadra River dominated by the Family Fabaceae. IVI analysis reveals that Albizia saman, Pongemia pinnata, Leucaena leucocephala and Eucalyptus as dominant contributors to the vegetation structure with IVI values of 66.1,35.8 ,30.1 and 18.3 respectively. In contrast native riparian species such as Terminalia arjuna and Syzygium cumini were observed with very low IVI values. The dominance of Non riparian species in the riparian buffers of Bhadra indicates the possible Anthropogenic pressures which requires an immediate attention for the restoration of native riparian vegetation for the conservation of river morphology and associated aquatic habitats also for the maintenance of essential ecosystem services.

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Claims 8

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Bhadra riparian zones contained 48 tree species from 24 families, dominated by Fabaceae.

Taxon
tree speciese0
Outcome
tree species belonging to 24 familiese0
Value
48 tree speciese0
Qualifier
dominated by the Family Fabaceaee0
Setting
Bhadra Rivere0

Verbatim

e0

“A total of 48 tree species belonging to 24 families were recorded from the riparian agroecosystem zones of the Bhadra River dominated by the Family Fabaceae.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 643–800 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Albizia saman was dominant, IVI 66.1.

Taxon
Albizia samanSamanea samane0
Outcome
IVI valuese0
Direction
dominante0
Value
66.1e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Samanea saman
Samanea saman · TaxonAris riyanto · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Albizia saman, Pongemia pinnata, Leucaena leucocephala and Eucalyptus as dominant contributors to the vegetation structure with IVI values of 66.1,35.8 ,30.1 and 18.3 respectively.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 827–1007 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Pongemia pinnata was dominant, IVI 35.8.

Taxon
Pongemia pinnatae0
Outcome
IVI valuese0
Direction
dominante0
Value
35.8e0

Verbatim

e0

“Albizia saman, Pongemia pinnata, Leucaena leucocephala and Eucalyptus as dominant contributors to the vegetation structure with IVI values of 66.1,35.8 ,30.1 and 18.3 respectively.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 827–1007 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Leucaena leucocephala was dominant, IVI 30.1.

Taxon
Leucaena leucocephalaLeucaena leucocephalae0
Outcome
IVI valuese0
Direction
dominante0
Value
30.1e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Leucaena leucocephala
Leucaena leucocephala · TaxonAris riyanto · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Albizia saman, Pongemia pinnata, Leucaena leucocephala and Eucalyptus as dominant contributors to the vegetation structure with IVI values of 66.1,35.8 ,30.1 and 18.3 respectively.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 827–1007 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Eucalyptus was dominant, IVI 18.3.

Taxon
EucalyptusEucalyptuse0
Outcome
IVI valuese0
Direction
dominante0
Value
18.3e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Eucalyptus
Eucalyptus · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)W. Bulach · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Albizia saman, Pongemia pinnata, Leucaena leucocephala and Eucalyptus as dominant contributors to the vegetation structure with IVI values of 66.1,35.8 ,30.1 and 18.3 respectively.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 827–1007 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Terminalia arjuna and Syzygium cumini had very low IVI values.

Taxon
native riparian speciese0
Outcome
IVI valuese0
Direction
very lowe0

Verbatim

e0

“native riparian species such as Terminalia arjuna and Syzygium cumini were observed with very low IVI values.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1020–1129 · show in text ↑
Associationauthor interpretationoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Dominance of non-riparian species suggests anthropogenic pressure on Bhadra buffers.

Taxon
Non riparian speciese0
Outcome
dominancee0
Qualifier
possible Anthropogenic pressurese0
Setting
Bhadrae0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0

“The dominance of Non riparian species in the riparian buffers of Bhadra indicates the possible Anthropogenic pressures”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1130–1248 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors call for immediate restoration of native riparian vegetation.

Taxon
native riparian vegetatione0
Outcome
restoration of native riparian vegetatione0

Verbatim

e0

“requires an immediate attention for the restoration of native riparian vegetation for the conservation of river morphology and associated aquatic habitats also for the maintenance of essential ecosystem services.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1255–1467 · show in text ↑