Paper · 2026 · Journal of Global Agriculture and Ecology

Leveraging Artificial Intelligence to Mitigate Bird-Induced Cereal Crop Losses for Enhanced Food Security in Ghana: A Review

Matilda Azeko; Benjamin Yennuna Konyannik; Inusah Najjiulai; et al.

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Open access · cc-by

Abstract

This review examines the transformative role of Artificial Intelligence in mitigating cereal crop damage caused by birds, highlighting its potential to enhance food security, improve agricultural sustainability, and support the livelihoods of farmers in Ghana. Food and nutrition security remain pivotal for sustainable development in Ghana, with agriculture contributing significantly to employment, food production, and economic growth. Among the pressing challenges facing Ghanaian farmers is bird-induced damage to cereal crops such as maize, millet, sorghum, and rice, which undermines productivity, food security, and farmer livelihoods. Traditional bird control methods such as scarecrows and manual labor, are often labor-intensive, costly, and increasingly ineffective at scale and raise social concerns, including child labor and school dropout. With advancements in technology, AI has emerged as a reliable solution for addressing these challenges. AI-powered systems, including drones equipped with bird detection and repellent technologies, offer innovative and sustainable alternatives to conventional with the potential of reducing 15-30% cereal crop losses caused by birds in Ghana while connectivity of Farmer Based Organizations to AI-based bird control systems increase accessibility and affordability for small scale farmers. Companies such as AiScarecrow have developed drones that mimic predatory birds, scaring away pest species through simulated threats while ensuring minimal harm to the environment, cutting down 90% field losses while saving an average of 8-10 hours a day of valuable time. These systems enable real-time monitoring, species-specific responses, and efficient deterrent mechanisms that significantly reduce bird-induced crop losses while minimizing environmental impact. This review synthesizes literature up to date on AI applications, bird deterrence technologies, and agricultural innovation in Ghana. The analysis identifies emerging approaches, key barriers to adoption, and directions for future research. The study highlights the urgency and feasibility in integrating AI-driven bird control into Ghana’s agricultural strategies to strengthen food security while promoting sustainable, technology-enabled farming.

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Claims 5

Observationauthor interpretationreview summarynegativebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The review says traditional bird control is labor intensive, costly and increasingly ineffective at scale.

Taxon
Cereal Cropt0
Interactor
Birdt0pest
Outcome
bird control methodse0
Qualifier
labor-intensive, costly, and increasingly ineffective at scalee0

Verbatim

e0

“Traditional bird control methods such as scarecrows and manual labor, are often labor-intensive, costly, and increasingly ineffective at scale”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 644–786 · show in text ↑
t0

“Bird-Induced Cereal Crop Losses”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 47–78 · show in text ↑
Method / resourceauthor interpretationreview summarypositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

AI bird control systems have potential to reduce cereal crop losses by 15–30% in Ghana.

Taxon
cereal crope0
Interactor
birdsAvese0pest
Outcome
cereal crop losses caused by birdse0
Direction
reducinge0
Value
15-30%e0
Setting
Ghanae0

Verbatim

e0

“AI-powered systems, including drones equipped with bird detection and repellent technologies, offer innovative and sustainable alternatives to conventional with the potential of reducing 15-30% cereal crop losses caused by birds in Ghana”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 960–1197 · show in text ↑
Method / resourceobservedreview summarypositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

AiScarecrow drones are reported to cut field losses by 90%.

Taxon
Cereal Cropt0
Interactor
pest speciese0pest
Outcome
field lossese0
Direction
cutting downe0
Value
90%e0

Verbatim

e0

“Companies such as AiScarecrow have developed drones that mimic predatory birds, scaring away pest species through simulated threats while ensuring minimal harm to the environment, cutting down 90% field losses while saving an average of 8-10 hours a day of valuable time.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1346–1617 · show in text ↑
t0

“Cereal Crop Losses”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 60–78 · show in text ↑
Method / resourceobservedreview summarypositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

AiScarecrow drones are reported to save an average of 8–10 hours daily.

Taxon
Cereal Cropt0
Interactor
pest speciese0pest
Outcome
timee0
Direction
savinge0
Value
8-10 hours a daye0

Verbatim

e0

“Companies such as AiScarecrow have developed drones that mimic predatory birds, scaring away pest species through simulated threats while ensuring minimal harm to the environment, cutting down 90% field losses while saving an average of 8-10 hours a day of valuable time.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1346–1617 · show in text ↑
t0

“Cereal Crop Losses”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 60–78 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The review recommends integrating AI bird control into Ghanaian agricultural strategies.

Taxon
Cereal Cropt0
Outcome
integrating AI-driven bird control into Ghana’s agricultural strategiese0
Setting
Ghanae0

Verbatim

e0

“The study highlights the urgency and feasibility in integrating AI-driven bird control into Ghana’s agricultural strategies to strengthen food security while promoting sustainable, technology-enabled farming.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2055–2263 · show in text ↑
t0

“Cereal Crop Losses”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 60–78 · show in text ↑