Abstract
Quantitative genetic parameters associated with the inheritance of biomass yield and related traits were evaluated in Gynandropsis gynandra for selecting appropriate breeding methods for cultivar development. A total of 331 F1 hybrids generated from a North Carolina mating design II and their 39 parental lines were evaluated in the field and greenhouse for gene action, combining ability effects and heterosis value of the biomass yield and related traits. The evaluation was done across seven environments between 2019 and 2021 using an alpha lattice design with two replicates per environment. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed among and between hybrids and parents for all agronomic traits. Overall, hybrids performed better than their parents for stem diameter (21.1%), plant height (34.4%), primary branch length (37.6%), leaf traits (17.5–50.9%), total (80.6%) and edible (54.7%) fresh biomass. Significant general and specific combining ability (GCA and SCA) effects together with variance component analysis revealed that both additive and nonadditive gene action controlled biomass and related traits in the species with the predominance of additive gene action. The environment significantly interacted with genotype, GCA and SCA. Mid- and best-parent heterosis varied between − 51.7% and 192.1%. Specifically, only positive heterosis effects were observed for leaf area and total fresh biomass, with an average mid-parent heterosis greater than 50%. Parents with good GCA and crosses with high SCA and heterosis were identified. There were similar patterns of positive associations among plant height, stem diameter, leaf traits and plant biomass in both parents and hybrids. In contrast, there were significant changes from parents to hybrids in the association of harvest index and time to 50% flowering with biomass per plant and leaf traits on the one hand and between harvest index and dry matter content on the other hand. The study thus revealed that reciprocal recurrent selection would be a sound breeding strategy for G. gynandra improvement with the development of hybrid cultivars to exploit heterosis. These findings contribute to the potential of using G. gynandra to decipher the genetic mechanism underlying heterosis in orphan leafy vegetables.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-nd. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
F1 hybrids of Gynandropsis gynandra had stem diameter 21.1% higher than their parents.
- Taxon
- Gynandropsis gynandra
Gynandropsis gynandrae1 - Material
- F1 hybridse2
- Treatment
- F1 hybridse2
- Outcome
- stem diametere3
- Direction
- performed bettere3
- Value
- 21.1%e3
- Comparator
- their parentse3
- Setting
- field and greenhousee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Quantitative genetic parameters associated with the inheritance of biomass yield and related traits were evaluated in Gynandropsis gynandra for selecting appropriate breeding methods for cultivar development”
e2“A total of 331 F1 hybrids generated from a North Carolina mating design II and their 39 parental lines were evaluated in the field and greenhouse”
e3“Overall, hybrids performed better than their parents for stem diameter (21.1%), plant height (34.4%), primary branch length (37.6%), leaf traits (17.5–50.9%), total (80.6%) and edible (54.7%) fresh biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
F1 hybrids of Gynandropsis gynandra had plant height 34.4% higher than their parents.
- Taxon
- Gynandropsis gynandraGynandropsis gynandrae1
- Material
- F1 hybridse2
- Treatment
- F1 hybridse2
- Outcome
- plant heighte3
- Direction
- performed bettere3
- Value
- 34.4%e3
- Comparator
- their parentse3
- Setting
- field and greenhousee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Quantitative genetic parameters associated with the inheritance of biomass yield and related traits were evaluated in Gynandropsis gynandra for selecting appropriate breeding methods for cultivar development”
e2“A total of 331 F1 hybrids generated from a North Carolina mating design II and their 39 parental lines were evaluated in the field and greenhouse”
e3“Overall, hybrids performed better than their parents for stem diameter (21.1%), plant height (34.4%), primary branch length (37.6%), leaf traits (17.5–50.9%), total (80.6%) and edible (54.7%) fresh biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
F1 hybrids of Gynandropsis gynandra had primary branch length 37.6% higher than their parents.
- Taxon
- Gynandropsis gynandraGynandropsis gynandrae1
- Material
- F1 hybridse2
- Treatment
- F1 hybridse2
- Outcome
- primary branch lengthe3
- Direction
- performed bettere3
- Value
- 37.6%e3
- Comparator
- their parentse3
- Setting
- field and greenhousee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Quantitative genetic parameters associated with the inheritance of biomass yield and related traits were evaluated in Gynandropsis gynandra for selecting appropriate breeding methods for cultivar development”
e2“A total of 331 F1 hybrids generated from a North Carolina mating design II and their 39 parental lines were evaluated in the field and greenhouse”
e3“Overall, hybrids performed better than their parents for stem diameter (21.1%), plant height (34.4%), primary branch length (37.6%), leaf traits (17.5–50.9%), total (80.6%) and edible (54.7%) fresh biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
F1 hybrids of Gynandropsis gynandra had leaf traits 17.5–50.9% higher than their parents.
- Taxon
- Gynandropsis gynandraGynandropsis gynandrae1
- Material
- F1 hybridse2
- Treatment
- F1 hybridse2
- Outcome
- leaf traitse3
- Direction
- performed bettere3
- Value
- 17.5–50.9%e3
- Comparator
- their parentse3
- Setting
- field and greenhousee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Quantitative genetic parameters associated with the inheritance of biomass yield and related traits were evaluated in Gynandropsis gynandra for selecting appropriate breeding methods for cultivar development”
e2“A total of 331 F1 hybrids generated from a North Carolina mating design II and their 39 parental lines were evaluated in the field and greenhouse”
e3“Overall, hybrids performed better than their parents for stem diameter (21.1%), plant height (34.4%), primary branch length (37.6%), leaf traits (17.5–50.9%), total (80.6%) and edible (54.7%) fresh biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
F1 hybrids of Gynandropsis gynandra had total fresh biomass 80.6% higher than their parents.
- Taxon
- Gynandropsis gynandraGynandropsis gynandrae1
- Material
- F1 hybridse2
- Treatment
- F1 hybridse2
- Outcome
- fresh biomasse3
- Direction
- performed bettere3
- Value
- 80.6%e3
- Qualifier
- totale3
- Comparator
- their parentse3
- Setting
- field and greenhousee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Quantitative genetic parameters associated with the inheritance of biomass yield and related traits were evaluated in Gynandropsis gynandra for selecting appropriate breeding methods for cultivar development”
e2“A total of 331 F1 hybrids generated from a North Carolina mating design II and their 39 parental lines were evaluated in the field and greenhouse”
e3“Overall, hybrids performed better than their parents for stem diameter (21.1%), plant height (34.4%), primary branch length (37.6%), leaf traits (17.5–50.9%), total (80.6%) and edible (54.7%) fresh biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
F1 hybrids of Gynandropsis gynandra had edible fresh biomass 54.7% higher than their parents.
- Taxon
- Gynandropsis gynandraGynandropsis gynandrae1
- Material
- F1 hybridse2
- Treatment
- F1 hybridse2
- Outcome
- fresh biomasse3
- Direction
- performed bettere3
- Value
- 54.7%e3
- Qualifier
- ediblee3
- Comparator
- their parentse3
- Setting
- field and greenhousee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Quantitative genetic parameters associated with the inheritance of biomass yield and related traits were evaluated in Gynandropsis gynandra for selecting appropriate breeding methods for cultivar development”
e2“A total of 331 F1 hybrids generated from a North Carolina mating design II and their 39 parental lines were evaluated in the field and greenhouse”
e3“Overall, hybrids performed better than their parents for stem diameter (21.1%), plant height (34.4%), primary branch length (37.6%), leaf traits (17.5–50.9%), total (80.6%) and edible (54.7%) fresh biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height, stem diameter, leaf traits and plant biomass were positively associated in Gynandropsis gynandra parents and hybrids.
- Taxon
- Gynandropsis gynandraGynandropsis gynandrae1
- Material
- parents and hybridse0
- Outcome
- associations among plant height, stem diameter, leaf traits and plant biomasse0
- Direction
- positivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Quantitative genetic parameters associated with the inheritance of biomass yield and related traits were evaluated in Gynandropsis gynandra for selecting appropriate breeding methods for cultivar development”
e0“There were similar patterns of positive associations among plant height, stem diameter, leaf traits and plant biomass in both parents and hybrids”
Claim · model-written summary
The association of harvest index and time to 50% flowering with biomass per plant and leaf traits changed significantly from parents to hybrids.
- Taxon
- Gynandropsis gynandraGynandropsis gynandrae1
- Material
- parents to hybridse0
- Outcome
- association of harvest index and time to 50% flowering with biomass per plant and leaf traitse0
- Qualifier
- significant changese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Quantitative genetic parameters associated with the inheritance of biomass yield and related traits were evaluated in Gynandropsis gynandra for selecting appropriate breeding methods for cultivar development”
e0“there were significant changes from parents to hybrids in the association of harvest index and time to 50% flowering with biomass per plant and leaf traits on the one hand and between harvest index and dry matter content on the other hand”
Claim · model-written summary
The association between harvest index and dry matter content changed from parents to hybrids in Gynandropsis gynandra.
- Taxon
- Gynandropsis gynandraGynandropsis gynandrae1
- Material
- parents to hybridse0
- Outcome
- harvest index and dry matter contente0
- Qualifier
- significant changese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Quantitative genetic parameters associated with the inheritance of biomass yield and related traits were evaluated in Gynandropsis gynandra for selecting appropriate breeding methods for cultivar development”
e0“there were significant changes from parents to hybrids in the association of harvest index and time to 50% flowering with biomass per plant and leaf traits on the one hand and between harvest index and dry matter content on the other hand”
Claim · model-written summary
General and specific combining ability effects were significant in Gynandropsis gynandra.
- Taxon
- Gynandropsis gynandraGynandropsis gynandrae1
- Outcome
- general and specific combining ability (GCA and SCA) effectse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Quantitative genetic parameters associated with the inheritance of biomass yield and related traits were evaluated in Gynandropsis gynandra for selecting appropriate breeding methods for cultivar development”
e4“Significant general and specific combining ability (GCA and SCA) effects together with variance component analysis revealed that both additive and nonadditive gene action controlled biomass and related traits in the species with the predominance of additive gene action”
Claim · model-written summary
Both additive and nonadditive gene action controlled biomass and related traits in Gynandropsis gynandra, with predominance of additive gene action.
- Taxon
- Gynandropsis gynandraGynandropsis gynandrae1
- Outcome
- both additive and nonadditive gene action controlled biomass and related traitse4
- Qualifier
- predominance of additive gene actione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Quantitative genetic parameters associated with the inheritance of biomass yield and related traits were evaluated in Gynandropsis gynandra for selecting appropriate breeding methods for cultivar development”
e4“Significant general and specific combining ability (GCA and SCA) effects together with variance component analysis revealed that both additive and nonadditive gene action controlled biomass and related traits in the species with the predominance of additive gene action”
Claim · model-written summary
The environment significantly interacted with genotype, GCA and SCA in Gynandropsis gynandra.
- Taxon
- Gynandropsis gynandraGynandropsis gynandrae1
- Outcome
- genotype, GCA and SCAe0
- Qualifier
- The environment significantly interactede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Quantitative genetic parameters associated with the inheritance of biomass yield and related traits were evaluated in Gynandropsis gynandra for selecting appropriate breeding methods for cultivar development”
e0“The environment significantly interacted with genotype, GCA and SCA”
Claim · model-written summary
Mid- and best-parent heterosis in Gynandropsis gynandra varied between −51.7% and 192.1%.
- Taxon
- Gynandropsis gynandraGynandropsis gynandrae1
- Outcome
- Mid- and best-parent heterosise5
- Value
- − 51.7% and 192.1%e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Quantitative genetic parameters associated with the inheritance of biomass yield and related traits were evaluated in Gynandropsis gynandra for selecting appropriate breeding methods for cultivar development”
e5“Mid- and best-parent heterosis varied between − 51.7% and 192.1%”
Claim · model-written summary
Only positive heterosis was observed for leaf area and total fresh biomass in Gynandropsis gynandra, with average mid-parent heterosis greater than 50%.
- Taxon
- Gynandropsis gynandraGynandropsis gynandrae1
- Outcome
- leaf area and total fresh biomasse6
- Value
- greater than 50%e6
- Qualifier
- only positive heterosis effectse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Quantitative genetic parameters associated with the inheritance of biomass yield and related traits were evaluated in Gynandropsis gynandra for selecting appropriate breeding methods for cultivar development”
e6“only positive heterosis effects were observed for leaf area and total fresh biomass, with an average mid-parent heterosis greater than 50%”
Claim · model-written summary
Reciprocal recurrent selection is a sound breeding strategy for Gynandropsis gynandra hybrid cultivar development.
- Taxon
- G. gynandraGynandropsis gynandrae7
- Outcome
- reciprocal recurrent selectione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“The study thus revealed that reciprocal recurrent selection would be a sound breeding strategy for G. gynandra improvement with the development of hybrid cultivars to exploit heterosis”
Claim · model-written summary
Parents with good GCA and crosses with high SCA and heterosis were identified in Gynandropsis gynandra.
- Taxon
- Gynandropsis gynandraGynandropsis gynandrae1
- Outcome
- crosses with high SCA and heterosise0
- Qualifier
- Parents with good GCAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Quantitative genetic parameters associated with the inheritance of biomass yield and related traits were evaluated in Gynandropsis gynandra for selecting appropriate breeding methods for cultivar development”
e0“Parents with good GCA and crosses with high SCA and heterosis were identified”