Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the phytochemical composition and antimicrobial properties of Ziziphus mucronata stem bark extracts. GC-MS analysis of the ethyl acetate extract identified fourteen detected compounds. The major validated constituents included 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (26.47%), 9-octadecenamide (Z) (23.71%), cis-vaccenic acid (13.07%), and n-hexadecanoic acid (9.23%). Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Vibrio cholerae clinical isolates using the agar well diffusion method. The stembark extracts demonstrated notable antibacterial activity, exhibiting a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ≤ 1 mg/mL. In addition to the experimental assays, a comprehensive literature review was conducted to evaluate the biological activities of the validated compounds identified through GC-MS. Notably, these phytochemicals have been previously reported to possess significant antimicrobial properties. These preliminary findings support the traditional use of Ziziphus mucronata and suggest potential as an antimicrobial agent, warranting further investigation with broader spectrum testing and safety evaluation.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Ethyl acetate extract analysis detected fourteen compounds.
- Taxon
- Ziziphus mucronata
Ziziphus mucronatat0 - Outcome
- detected compoundse0
- Value
- fourteene0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GC-MS analysis of the ethyl acetate extract identified fourteen detected compounds.”
t0“Ziziphus mucronata”
Claim · model-written summary
5-hydroxymethylfurfural constituted 26.47% of the extract profile.
- Taxon
- Ziziphus mucronataZiziphus mucronatat0
- Outcome
- 5-hydroxymethylfurfurale0
- Value
- 26.47%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The major validated constituents included 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (26.47%), 9-octadecenamide (Z) (23.71%), cis-vaccenic acid (13.07%), and n-hexadecanoic acid (9.23%).”
t0“Ziziphus mucronata”
Claim · model-written summary
9-octadecenamide (Z) constituted 23.71% of the extract profile.
- Taxon
- Ziziphus mucronataZiziphus mucronatat0
- Outcome
- 9-octadecenamide (Z)e0
- Value
- 23.71%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The major validated constituents included 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (26.47%), 9-octadecenamide (Z) (23.71%), cis-vaccenic acid (13.07%), and n-hexadecanoic acid (9.23%).”
t0“Ziziphus mucronata”
Claim · model-written summary
cis-vaccenic acid constituted 13.07% of the extract profile.
- Taxon
- Ziziphus mucronataZiziphus mucronatat0
- Outcome
- cis-vaccenic acide0
- Value
- 13.07%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The major validated constituents included 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (26.47%), 9-octadecenamide (Z) (23.71%), cis-vaccenic acid (13.07%), and n-hexadecanoic acid (9.23%).”
t0“Ziziphus mucronata”
Claim · model-written summary
n-hexadecanoic acid constituted 9.23% of the extract profile.
- Taxon
- Ziziphus mucronataZiziphus mucronatat0
- Outcome
- n-hexadecanoic acide0
- Value
- 9.23%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The major validated constituents included 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (26.47%), 9-octadecenamide (Z) (23.71%), cis-vaccenic acid (13.07%), and n-hexadecanoic acid (9.23%).”
t0“Ziziphus mucronata”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem bark extracts had antibacterial activity against Vibrio cholerae with MIC ≤ 1 mg/mL.
- Taxon
- Vibrio cholerae
Vibrio choleraee0 - Treatment
- stembark extractse0
- Outcome
- minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)e0
- Value
- ≤ 1 mg/mLe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Vibrio cholerae clinical isolates using the agar well diffusion method. The stembark extracts demonstrated notable antibacterial activity, exhibiting a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ≤ 1 mg/mL.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend broader antimicrobial testing and safety evaluation.
- Taxon
- Ziziphus mucronataZiziphus mucronatae0
- Outcome
- broader spectrum testing and safety evaluatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These preliminary findings support the traditional use of Ziziphus mucronata and suggest potential as an antimicrobial agent, warranting further investigation with broader spectrum testing and safety evaluation.”