Abstract
Previous research demonstrated that blue (B) light decreased internode elongation and leaf surface area (LSA) while increasing anthocyanin concentration as the red (R) to B ratio decreased, but the effects of specific B wavebands on lettuce remain underexplored. The first experiment objective was to evaluate the impacts of three different wavebands of B light (peaks and full width at half max [FWHM]: 412 nm, FWHM 16 nm; 425 nm, FWHM 15 nm; 454 nm, FWHM 20 nm) and green (G) light (523 nm, FWHM 34 nm) on 'Rex' and 'Red Oak' lettuce biomass and morphology. Among B light treatments, 412 and 425 nm produced similar results, with significantly greater growth (width, fresh weight (FW), leaf area (LA) for both cultivars, height and dry weight (DW) for 'Rex') compared to the 454 nm treatment. 454 nm treatment showed more intense characteristics associated with B light exposure (decreased height, width, LA, FW, and DW) but had the highest chlorophyll content. 'Red Oak' anthocyanin concentration was unaffected by B wavelengths. Plants under G light had similar biomass to 412 and 425 nm B light for 'Rex' and 412 nm for 'Red Oak' but lower chlorophyll and anthocyanin concentration. The second objective of this study was to assess whether G light's biomass could be complemented by B light's pigmentation effects when G was replaced by B late in the crop cycle. The control treatment used 80% R and 20% G (523 nm), with G substituted by 454 nm B light 2, 4, or 8 days before harvest. Two days of B light at the end of the cycle resulted in similar FW as the control in 'Red Oak' but significantly higher anthocyanin. In 'Rex', FW and DW were statistically unchanged, but longer B light exposure significantly increased chlorophyll content. This indicated that two days of B light at the cycle's end preserved biomass and improved crop quality through enhanced leaf coloration in both cultivars.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
At 412 and 425 nm blue light, both lettuce cultivars had greater width, fresh weight, and leaf area than at 454 nm.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativat0 - Treatment
- 412 and 425 nme0
- Outcome
- width, fresh weight (FW), leaf area (LA)e0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- 454 nm treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among B light treatments, 412 and 425 nm produced similar results, with significantly greater growth (width, fresh weight (FW), leaf area (LA) for both cultivars, height and dry weight (DW) for 'Rex') compared to the 454 nm treatment.”
t0“lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 412 and 425 nm blue light, 'Rex' had greater height and dry weight than at 454 nm.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Material
- 'Rex'e0
- Treatment
- 412 and 425 nme0
- Outcome
- height and dry weight (DW)e0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- 454 nm treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among B light treatments, 412 and 425 nm produced similar results, with significantly greater growth (width, fresh weight (FW), leaf area (LA) for both cultivars, height and dry weight (DW) for 'Rex') compared to the 454 nm treatment.”
t0“lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 454 nm treatment decreased height, width, and leaf area.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- 454 nm treatmente0
- Outcome
- height, width, LAe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“454 nm treatment showed more intense characteristics associated with B light exposure (decreased height, width, LA, FW, and DW) but had the highest chlorophyll content.”
t0“lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 454 nm treatment decreased fresh and dry weight.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- 454 nm treatmente0
- Outcome
- FW, and DWe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“454 nm treatment showed more intense characteristics associated with B light exposure (decreased height, width, LA, FW, and DW) but had the highest chlorophyll content.”
t0“lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 454 nm treatment had the highest chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- 454 nm treatmente0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“454 nm treatment showed more intense characteristics associated with B light exposure (decreased height, width, LA, FW, and DW) but had the highest chlorophyll content.”
t0“lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue wavelengths did not alter anthocyanin concentration in 'Red Oak'.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Material
- 'Red Oak'e0
- Treatment
- B wavelengthse0
- Outcome
- anthocyanin concentratione0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“'Red Oak' anthocyanin concentration was unaffected by B wavelengths.”
t0“lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Green light gave 'Rex' biomass similar to 412 and 425 nm blue light.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Material
- 'Rex'e0
- Treatment
- G lighte0
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- 412 and 425 nm B lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants under G light had similar biomass to 412 and 425 nm B light for 'Rex' and 412 nm for 'Red Oak' but lower chlorophyll and anthocyanin concentration.”
t0“lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Green light gave 'Red Oak' biomass similar to 412 nm blue light.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Material
- 'Red Oak'e0
- Treatment
- G lighte0
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- 412 nme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants under G light had similar biomass to 412 and 425 nm B light for 'Rex' and 412 nm for 'Red Oak' but lower chlorophyll and anthocyanin concentration.”
t0“lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Green light produced lower chlorophyll and anthocyanin concentration.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- G lighte0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll and anthocyanin concentratione0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants under G light had similar biomass to 412 and 425 nm B light for 'Rex' and 412 nm for 'Red Oak' but lower chlorophyll and anthocyanin concentration.”
t0“lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Two days of terminal blue light left 'Red Oak' fresh weight similar to the control.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Material
- 'Red Oak'e0
- Treatment
- Two days of B light at the end of the cyclee0
- Outcome
- FWe0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two days of B light at the end of the cycle resulted in similar FW as the control in 'Red Oak' but significantly higher anthocyanin.”
t0“lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Two days of terminal blue light raised 'Red Oak' anthocyanin significantly.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Material
- 'Red Oak'e0
- Treatment
- Two days of B light at the end of the cyclee0
- Outcome
- anthocyanine0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two days of B light at the end of the cycle resulted in similar FW as the control in 'Red Oak' but significantly higher anthocyanin.”
t0“lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
In 'Rex', terminal blue-light exposure did not change fresh or dry weight statistically.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Material
- 'Rex'e0
- Treatment
- B light exposuree0
- Outcome
- FW and DWe0
- Direction
- unchangede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 'Rex', FW and DW were statistically unchanged, but longer B light exposure significantly increased chlorophyll content.”
t0“lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
In 'Rex', longer blue-light exposure significantly increased chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Material
- 'Rex'e0
- Treatment
- longer B light exposuree0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 'Rex', FW and DW were statistically unchanged, but longer B light exposure significantly increased chlorophyll content.”
t0“lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
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