Abstract
An isolate of Peniophora lycii was obtained from grapevine, and its interactions with several grapevine-associated fungi and the plant host were examined. The fungus was not able to infect intact leaves, but necrotized the margins of foliar disks and caused necrosis and white rot in woody tissues. In dual cultures, P. lycii and Aureobasidium pullulans showed mutual antagonism. Mycoparsitism of P. lycii was observed on epiphytic Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria sp., and endophytic Botryosphaeria dothidea interaction partners. In contrast, P. lycii showed trophic growth towards endophytic Phaeomoniella chlamydospora without any signs of harmful interactions. Dual inoculations of foliar disks with epiphytic fungi revealed no effects of fungal interactions on necrosis development by pathogens and verified mycoparasitic interactions in planta. Co-infection assays of cuttings with endophytic pathogen fungi showed cumulative effects of fungal interactions on wood symptom expression, with the exclusive contribution of P. lycii to white rot development. In addition to providing the first isolation of P. lycii from grapevine and the description of its mycoparasitic behavior, the present study suggests that the fungus may act as an opportunistic grapevine pathogen, probably as a secondary colonizer in trunk diseases. The observed dual host preference may allow trunk disease pathogens to initially feed on fungi, followed by damage to the grapevine. This may be in connection with the exceptionally long latency of these syndromes.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
P. lycii did not infect intact grapevine leaves.
VitisNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fungus was not able to infect intact leaves”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
P. lycii necrotized grapevine foliar disk margins.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but necrotized the margins of foliar disks”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
P. lycii caused necrosis and white rot in grapevine wood.
- Outcome
- necrosis and white rot in woody tissuese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“caused necrosis and white rot in woody tissues”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
P. lycii and A. pullulans were mutually antagonistic in dual culture.
- Interactor
- P. lycii
Peniophora lyciie0pathogen - Second interactor
- Aureobasidium pullulans
Aureobasidium pullulanse0other - Outcome
- mutual antagonisme0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In dual cultures, P. lycii and Aureobasidium pullulans showed mutual antagonism.”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
P. lycii parasitized three grapevine-associated fungi.
- Interactor
- P. lyciiPeniophora lyciie0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria sp., and endophytic Botryosphaeria dothidea
Botrytis cinerea_Cesati_%26_DeNotaris_661320.jpg?width=60)
Botryosphaeria dothidea
Alternaria sp.e0other - Outcome
- Mycoparsitisme0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Cesati_%26_DeNotaris_661320.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Mycoparsitism of P. lycii was observed on epiphytic Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria sp., and endophytic Botryosphaeria dothidea interaction partners.”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
P. lycii grew toward P. chlamydospora without harmful interaction.
- Interactor
- P. lyciiPeniophora lyciie0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Phaeomoniella chlamydosporaPhaeomoniella chlamydosporae0pathogen
- Outcome
- trophic growthe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. lycii showed trophic growth towards endophytic Phaeomoniella chlamydospora without any signs of harmful interactions”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal interactions did not change pathogen-caused necrosis in grapevine foliar disks.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dual inoculations of foliar disks with epiphytic fungi revealed no effects of fungal interactions on necrosis development by pathogens”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Dual inoculations confirmed mycoparasitic interactions in grapevine foliar disks.
- Outcome
- mycoparasitic interactionse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“verified mycoparasitic interactions in planta”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-infected cuttings showed cumulative effects on wood symptoms.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Co-infection assays of cuttings with endophytic pathogen fungi showed cumulative effects of fungal interactions on wood symptom expression”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
P. lycii alone contributed to white rot in co-infected grapevine cuttings.
- Interactor
- P. lyciiPeniophora lyciie0pathogen
- Outcome
- white rot developmente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with the exclusive contribution of P. lycii to white rot development”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
The study first isolated P. lycii from grapevine.
- Interactor
- P. lyciiPeniophora lyciie0pathogen
- Outcome
- first isolatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the first isolation of P. lycii from grapevine”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest P. lycii may be an opportunistic secondary grapevine trunk pathogen.
- Outcome
- opportunistic grapevine pathogene0
- Qualifier
- probably as a secondary colonizer in trunk diseasese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the fungus may act as an opportunistic grapevine pathogen, probably as a secondary colonizer in trunk diseases”
t0“Grapevine”