Abstract
ABSTRACT Calotropis procera and C. gigantea are emerging as globally invasive plants that can significantly alter ecosystems in areas where they have escaped from attended cultivation. Without effective management, these species can form dense monospecific stands, resulting in severe economic, environmental and social impacts. Current control measures for these species are often limited in effectiveness, especially when applied as single‐use approaches. To address this issue, this review synthesises key biological and ecological traits, current and potential invasion dynamics and management options available for C. procera and C. gigantea . Although more detailed investigation is required in some areas, it appears that an integrated approach is emerging as a possible option. Such an approach should consider (i) early detection and preventative strategies, including creating and maintaining competitive pastures and reducing soil disturbance, (ii) biological control, with the potential development and release of host‐specific insects and plant pathogens, (iii) chemical control with diverse modes of action, (iv) physical control including manual removal of all plant propagules from the soil and (v) ecological burn programs to remove the aboveground biomass followed by chemical or physical interventions. It is anticipated that the implementation of these strategies is likely to significantly mitigate the impacts posed by established C. procera and C. gigantea stands, while also addressing and removing newly emerging individuals before they develop robust populations.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
An integrated management approach appears to be emerging as a possible option for Calotropis procera and C. gigantea.
- Taxon
- Calotropis procera
.jpg?width=60)
Calotropis procerae0 - Outcome
- an integrated approache1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Calotropis procera and C. gigantea are emerging as globally invasive plants”
e1“an integrated approach is emerging as a possible option”
Claim · model-written summary
Early detection and preventative strategies should be used against Calotropis procera.
- Taxon
- Calotropis proceraCalotropis procerae0
- Outcome
- early detection and preventative strategiese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calotropis procera and C. gigantea are emerging as globally invasive plants”
e2“(i) early detection and preventative strategies, including creating and maintaining competitive pastures and reducing soil disturbance”
Claim · model-written summary
Biological control with host-specific insects and plant pathogens should be developed against Calotropis procera.
- Taxon
- Calotropis proceraCalotropis procerae0
- Outcome
- biological controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calotropis procera and C. gigantea are emerging as globally invasive plants”
e3“(ii) biological control”
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical control with diverse modes of action should be used against Calotropis procera.
- Taxon
- Calotropis proceraCalotropis procerae0
- Outcome
- chemical control with diverse modes of actione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calotropis procera and C. gigantea are emerging as globally invasive plants”
e4“(iii) chemical control with diverse modes of action”
Claim · model-written summary
Manual removal of all plant propagules from the soil should be used against Calotropis procera.
- Taxon
- Calotropis proceraCalotropis procerae0
- Outcome
- manual removal of all plant propagules from the soile5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calotropis procera and C. gigantea are emerging as globally invasive plants”
e5“physical control including manual removal of all plant propagules from the soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Ecological burn programs should be used to remove the aboveground biomass of Calotropis procera.
- Taxon
- Calotropis proceraCalotropis procerae0
- Outcome
- ecological burn programse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calotropis procera and C. gigantea are emerging as globally invasive plants”
e6“ecological burn programs to remove the aboveground biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
The integrated strategies are expected to mitigate the impacts of established Calotropis stands.
- Taxon
- Calotropis proceraCalotropis procerae0
- Outcome
- mitigate the impactse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calotropis procera and C. gigantea are emerging as globally invasive plants”
e7“implementation of these strategies is likely to significantly mitigate the impacts posed by established C. procera and C. gigantea stands”