By organism › Green plants › Apocynaceae › Calotropis procera

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

UPLC-MS/MS identified 112 phytoconstituents in Calotropis procera organ extracts.

Taxon: Calotropis proceraCalotropis procerat0
Organ / stage: various organse1
Outcome: phytoconstituentse1
Value: 112e1

Verbatim

e1
“A comprehensive analysis identified 112 distinct phytoconstituents, with unique profiles observed across the various organs' extracts”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 447–580

t0
“apple of Sodom (Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 67–115

Title

Unveiling the metabolic profile and anti-inflammatory potential of apple of Sodom (Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T.) by UPLC–MS/MS chemometric analysis

Alaa A. El-Banna; Reham S. Ibrahim; Doaa A. Ghareeb; et al. Scientific Reports 2026. doi:10.1038/s41598-025-33542-1

Other claims from this paper (3)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Phytoconstituent profiles were unique to each organ of Calotropis procera.

Taxon: Calotropis proceraCalotropis procerat0
Organ / stage: various organse1
Outcome: unique profilese1

Verbatim

e1
“A comprehensive analysis identified 112 distinct phytoconstituents, with unique profiles observed across the various organs' extracts”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 447–580

t0
“apple of Sodom (Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 67–115

Title

Unveiling the metabolic profile and anti-inflammatory potential of apple of Sodom (Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T.) by UPLC–MS/MS chemometric analysis

Alaa A. El-Banna; Reham S. Ibrahim; Doaa A. Ghareeb; et al. Scientific Reports 2026. doi:10.1038/s41598-025-33542-1

Other claims from this paper (3)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Flower and fruit extracts of Calotropis procera significantly downregulated IL-1β expression to levels below piroxicam.

Taxon: Calotropis proceraCalotropis procerat0
Organ / stage: flowers and fruitse2
Treatment: extracts from flowers and fruitse2
Gene: IL-1βe2
Outcome: IL-1β expressione2
Direction: downregulatede2
Comparator: piroxicame2

Verbatim

e2
“the extracts from flowers and fruits significantly downregulated IL-1β expression to levels lower than those exhibited by piroxicam”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 861–992

t0
“apple of Sodom (Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 67–115

Title

Unveiling the metabolic profile and anti-inflammatory potential of apple of Sodom (Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T.) by UPLC–MS/MS chemometric analysis

Alaa A. El-Banna; Reham S. Ibrahim; Doaa A. Ghareeb; et al. Scientific Reports 2026. doi:10.1038/s41598-025-33542-1

Other claims from this paper (3)

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Methyldimethoxycinnamate, vinyloxybutanol, butanediol dibenzoate, pyroterebic acid and ursenone are key biomarkers accountable for the anti-inflammatory efficacy.

Taxon: Calotropis proceraCalotropis procerat0
Compound: methyldimethoxycinnamate, vinyloxybutanol, butanediol dibenzoate, pyroterebic acid and ursenonee3
Outcome: key biomarkerse3

Verbatim

e3
“Orthogonal Projection to Latent Structures (OPLS) coefficient plots unraveled that methyldimethoxycinnamate, vinyloxybutanol, butanediol dibenzoate, pyroterebic acid and ursenone are the key biomarkers accountable for this efficacy”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1056–1287

t0
“apple of Sodom (Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 67–115

Title

Unveiling the metabolic profile and anti-inflammatory potential of apple of Sodom (Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T.) by UPLC–MS/MS chemometric analysis

Alaa A. El-Banna; Reham S. Ibrahim; Doaa A. Ghareeb; et al. Scientific Reports 2026. doi:10.1038/s41598-025-33542-1

Other claims from this paper (3)

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Allelopathy is a key mechanism supporting the interference and ecological success of Calotropis procera.

Taxon: Calotropis proceraCalotropis procerat0
Outcome: interference and ecological successe5
Qualifier: allelopathye5

Verbatim

t0
“invasive Calotropis procera”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 30–57

e5
“allelopathy is a key mechanism supporting the capacity of the investigated invasive plant for interference and ecological success”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1752–1881

Title

Allelopathic potential of the invasive Calotropis procera plant against two common crop plants in Taif Province

Maram MarzouK Aljuaid; Hatim Maatouq Al-Yasi; Tarek Mohamed Galal Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Meteorology Environment and Arid Land Agriculture Sciences 2026. doi:10.64064/1319-1039.1029

Other claims from this paper (14)

Association Barley germination percentage declined with increasing concentrations of C. procera.
Association Alfalfa germination percentage declined with increasing concentrations of C. procera.
Observation Barley had the highest germination percentage (96.9%) at the control.
Observation Alfalfa had the highest germination percentage (82.1%) at the control.
Association Barley germination percentage decreased sharply to 18.8% at 3% C. procera.
Association Alfalfa germination percentage decreased sharply to 9.8% at 1% C. procera.
Observation Complete inhibition of germination (IP = 100%) occurred in barley at concentrations of 5% and above.
Observation Complete inhibition of germination (IP = 100%) occurred in alfalfa at concentrations of 3% and above.
Observation Barley had a seed germination index of 17.9 at the control.
Observation Barley had a mean time to germinate of 1.2 days at the control.
Observation Alfalfa had a seed germination index of 10.7 at the control.
Observation Alfalfa had a mean time to germinate of 2.1 days at the control.
Association Barley germinated faster than alfalfa.
Association Alfalfa is more sensitive than barley to C. procera allelochemicals.

Recommendationauthor interpretationreview summarybasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

An integrated management approach appears to be emerging as a possible option for Calotropis procera and C. gigantea.

Taxon: Calotropis proceraCalotropis procerae0
Outcome: an integrated approache1

Verbatim

e0
“Calotropis procera and C. gigantea are emerging as globally invasive plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–84

e1
“an integrated approach is emerging as a possible option”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 729–784

Title

The Biology, Ecology, Distribution and Management of Two Globally Invasive Weeds: Calotropis procera (Calotrope) and Calotropis gigantea (Giant Calotrope)

Jason Roberts; Kunjithapatham Dhileepan; Singarayer Florentine Weed Research 2026. doi:10.1111/wre.70093

Other claims from this paper (6)

Recommendationauthor interpretationreview summarybasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Early detection and preventative strategies should be used against Calotropis procera.

Taxon: Calotropis proceraCalotropis procerae0
Outcome: early detection and preventative strategiese2

Verbatim

e0
“Calotropis procera and C. gigantea are emerging as globally invasive plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–84

e2
“(i) early detection and preventative strategies, including creating and maintaining competitive pastures and reducing soil disturbance”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 819–953

Title

The Biology, Ecology, Distribution and Management of Two Globally Invasive Weeds: Calotropis procera (Calotrope) and Calotropis gigantea (Giant Calotrope)

Jason Roberts; Kunjithapatham Dhileepan; Singarayer Florentine Weed Research 2026. doi:10.1111/wre.70093

Other claims from this paper (6)

Recommendationauthor interpretationreview summarybasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Biological control with host-specific insects and plant pathogens should be developed against Calotropis procera.

Taxon: Calotropis proceraCalotropis procerae0
Outcome: biological controle3

Verbatim

e0
“Calotropis procera and C. gigantea are emerging as globally invasive plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–84

e3
“(ii) biological control”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 955–978

Title

The Biology, Ecology, Distribution and Management of Two Globally Invasive Weeds: Calotropis procera (Calotrope) and Calotropis gigantea (Giant Calotrope)

Jason Roberts; Kunjithapatham Dhileepan; Singarayer Florentine Weed Research 2026. doi:10.1111/wre.70093

Other claims from this paper (6)

Recommendationauthor interpretationreview summarybasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Chemical control with diverse modes of action should be used against Calotropis procera.

Taxon: Calotropis proceraCalotropis procerae0
Outcome: chemical control with diverse modes of actione4

Verbatim

e0
“Calotropis procera and C. gigantea are emerging as globally invasive plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–84

e4
“(iii) chemical control with diverse modes of action”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1069–1120

Title

The Biology, Ecology, Distribution and Management of Two Globally Invasive Weeds: Calotropis procera (Calotrope) and Calotropis gigantea (Giant Calotrope)

Jason Roberts; Kunjithapatham Dhileepan; Singarayer Florentine Weed Research 2026. doi:10.1111/wre.70093

Other claims from this paper (6)

Recommendationauthor interpretationreview summarybasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Manual removal of all plant propagules from the soil should be used against Calotropis procera.

Taxon: Calotropis proceraCalotropis procerae0
Outcome: manual removal of all plant propagules from the soile5

Verbatim

e0
“Calotropis procera and C. gigantea are emerging as globally invasive plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–84

e5
“physical control including manual removal of all plant propagules from the soil”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1127–1206

Title

The Biology, Ecology, Distribution and Management of Two Globally Invasive Weeds: Calotropis procera (Calotrope) and Calotropis gigantea (Giant Calotrope)

Jason Roberts; Kunjithapatham Dhileepan; Singarayer Florentine Weed Research 2026. doi:10.1111/wre.70093

Other claims from this paper (6)

Calotropis procera 1,074 claims

1,074 claims