Abstract
Gnomoniopsis castanea is an emerging pathogen of Castanea species, causing nut rot, bark cankers, and leaf necrosis, while also existing asymptomatically as an endophyte. This study evaluated the presence of G. castanea spores in two chestnut orchards in Trás-os-Montes (Sobreiró, Vinhais) and assessed the effect of copper-based fungicides in reducing inoculum levels in leaves and burrs. Air samples were collected weekly from May to October 2024 at two heights per tree using a SAS air sampler. Colonies identified as G. castanea were isolated and cultured for confirmation. Additionally, symptomatic leaves and burrs were treated with Nordox copper (1 g/L) and incubated in outdoor cages at Instituto Politécnico de Bragança. Air sampling from these cages was conducted between March and June to detect remaining spores. In vitro sensitivity tests were performed using copper sulphate and Copper Nordox at varying concentrations. Airborne spores were detected in both orchards, and a total of 50 G. castanea isolates were obtained, confirming species identity via molecular analysis. The in vitro trials showed increasing inhibition with higher copper concentrations. Copper Nordox was more effective, achieving up to 54.29% inhibition, compared to a maximum of 17.46% with copper sulphate, indicating its potential to reduce disease inoculum in chestnut orchards.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
G. castanea airborne spores were detected in both chestnut orchards.
- Interactor
- G. castaneaGnomoniopsis castaneaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- Airborne spores were detectede0
- Setting
- Trás-os-Montese1
CastaneaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Airborne spores were detected in both orchards”
e1“Gnomoniopsis castanea is an emerging pathogen of Castanea species, causing nut rot, bark cankers, and leaf necrosis, while also existing asymptomatically as an endophyte. This study evaluated the presence of G. castanea spores in two chestnut orchards in Trás-os-Montes (Sobreiró, Vinhais) and assessed the effect of copper-based fungicides in reducing inoculum levels in leaves and burrs.”
Claim · model-written summary
The study obtained 50 G. castanea isolates whose identity was confirmed molecularly.
- Interactor
- G. castaneaGnomoniopsis castaneaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- G. castanea isolates were obtainede0
- Value
- 50e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a total of 50 G. castanea isolates were obtained, confirming species identity via molecular analysis”
e1“Gnomoniopsis castanea is an emerging pathogen of Castanea species, causing nut rot, bark cankers, and leaf necrosis, while also existing asymptomatically as an endophyte. This study evaluated the presence of G. castanea spores in two chestnut orchards in Trás-os-Montes (Sobreiró, Vinhais) and assessed the effect of copper-based fungicides in reducing inoculum levels in leaves and burrs.”
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro inhibition of G. castanea increased with copper concentration.
- Treatment
- higher copper concentrationse0
- Interactor
- G. castaneaGnomoniopsis castaneaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibitione0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The in vitro trials showed increasing inhibition with higher copper concentrations”
e1“Gnomoniopsis castanea is an emerging pathogen of Castanea species, causing nut rot, bark cankers, and leaf necrosis, while also existing asymptomatically as an endophyte. This study evaluated the presence of G. castanea spores in two chestnut orchards in Trás-os-Montes (Sobreiró, Vinhais) and assessed the effect of copper-based fungicides in reducing inoculum levels in leaves and burrs.”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper Nordox achieved up to 54.29% inhibition of G. castanea.
- Treatment
- Copper Nordoxe0
- Interactor
- G. castaneaGnomoniopsis castaneaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibitione0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Value
- 54.29%e0
- Comparator
- copper sulphatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Copper Nordox was more effective, achieving up to 54.29% inhibition, compared to a maximum of 17.46% with copper sulphate”
e1“Gnomoniopsis castanea is an emerging pathogen of Castanea species, causing nut rot, bark cankers, and leaf necrosis, while also existing asymptomatically as an endophyte. This study evaluated the presence of G. castanea spores in two chestnut orchards in Trás-os-Montes (Sobreiró, Vinhais) and assessed the effect of copper-based fungicides in reducing inoculum levels in leaves and burrs.”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper sulphate achieved a maximum of 17.46% inhibition of G. castanea.
- Treatment
- copper sulphatee0
- Interactor
- G. castaneaGnomoniopsis castaneaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibitione2
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 17.46%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a maximum of 17.46% with copper sulphate”
e1“Gnomoniopsis castanea is an emerging pathogen of Castanea species, causing nut rot, bark cankers, and leaf necrosis, while also existing asymptomatically as an endophyte. This study evaluated the presence of G. castanea spores in two chestnut orchards in Trás-os-Montes (Sobreiró, Vinhais) and assessed the effect of copper-based fungicides in reducing inoculum levels in leaves and burrs.”
e2“The in vitro trials showed increasing inhibition with higher copper concentrations”
The same questions in other papers
copper atom · Gnomoniopsis castaneae · CastaneaResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
sulfate · Gnomoniopsis castaneae · CastaneaResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.