Abstract
Rice straw mulching is a soil management practice that influences soil microbial communities. However, its effects on nematode communities under upland rice systems in salt-affected soils remain unclear. This study examined nematode community responses to rice straw mulching at rates of 0, 3.5, 7.0, and 10.5 t ha−1 in paddy fields at two sites, Lieu Tu and Long Phu, in Soc Trang Province, Mekong Delta, Vietnam. A total of 37 and 35 nematode genera were identified in Lieu Tu and Long Phu, respectively. Bacterivores were the dominant group, followed by herbivores. Acrobeloides, Hirschmanniella, Chronogaster, Aporcelaimellus, and Prismatolaimus were prevalent in Long Phu, while Acrobeloides, Prismatolaimus, Hirschmanniella, and Alaimus dominated in Lieu Tu. The highest mulching rate (10.5 t ha−1) increased total nematode abundance, particularly cp1 and cp2 groups in Long Phu, while the application of 7.0 t ha−1 increased the proportion of omnivorous feeders in Lieu Tu. Mulching increased total nematode biomass and metabolic footprints, indicating improved soil fertility. At Long Phu, mulching also increased biodiversity, as reflected by the higher species richness and Shannon–Wiener indices. The highest mulching application rate (10.5 t ha−1) increased the relative abundance of cp2 functional guilds at both sites. Mulching reduced the relative abundance of plant-parasitic nematodes at both sites, and increased cowpea yield from 5.1 to 13.9 t ha−1 and 5.67 to 9.70 t ha−1 at Lieu Tu and Long Phu, respectively. These findings suggest that the rice straw mulching at 10.5 t ha−1 improves soil structure and nematode diversity, thereby supporting agricultural sustainability in salt-affected soils under climate change conditions.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
The highest mulching rate (10.5 t ha−1) increased total nematode abundance in Long Phu, particularly the cp1 and cp2 groups.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- highest mulching rate (10.5 t ha−1)e5
- Outcome
- total nematode abundancee5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Qualifier
- particularly cp1 and cp2 groupse5
- Setting
- Long Phue5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Upland-Paddy Rice Systems”
e5“The highest mulching rate (10.5 t ha−1) increased total nematode abundance, particularly cp1 and cp2 groups in Long Phu”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 7.0 t ha−1 of straw increased the proportion of omnivorous nematode feeders in Lieu Tu.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- application of 7.0 t ha−1e6
- Outcome
- proportion of omnivorous feederse6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Setting
- Lieu Tue6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Upland-Paddy Rice Systems”
e6“while the application of 7.0 t ha−1 increased the proportion of omnivorous feeders in Lieu Tu”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching increased total nematode biomass and metabolic footprints.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Mulchinge7
- Outcome
- total nematode biomass and metabolic footprintse7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Upland-Paddy Rice Systems”
e7“Mulching increased total nematode biomass and metabolic footprints”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching increased nematode biodiversity at Long Phu, reflected in higher species richness and Shannon–Wiener indices.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- mulchinge0
- Outcome
- biodiversitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- as reflected by the higher species richness and Shannon–Wiener indicese0
- Setting
- Long Phue0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Upland-Paddy Rice Systems”
e0“At Long Phu, mulching also increased biodiversity, as reflected by the higher species richness and Shannon–Wiener indices”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest mulching application rate (10.5 t ha−1) increased the relative abundance of cp2 functional guilds at both sites.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- highest mulching application rate (10.5 t ha−1)e1
- Outcome
- relative abundance of cp2 functional guildse1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Upland-Paddy Rice Systems”
e1“The highest mulching application rate (10.5 t ha−1) increased the relative abundance of cp2 functional guilds at both sites”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching reduced the relative abundance of plant-parasitic nematodes at both sites.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Mulchinge2
- Interactor
- plant-parasitic nematodese2pest
- Outcome
- relative abundance of plant-parasitic nematodese2
- Direction
- reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Upland-Paddy Rice Systems”
e2“Mulching reduced the relative abundance of plant-parasitic nematodes at both sites, and increased cowpea yield from 5.1 to 13.9 t ha−1 and 5.67 to 9.70 t ha−1 at Lieu Tu and Long Phu, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching increased cowpea yield at Lieu Tu from 5.1 to 13.9 t ha−1.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatae2 - Treatment
- Mulchinge2
- Outcome
- cowpea yielde2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 5.1 to 13.9 t ha−1e2
- Setting
- Lieu Tue2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Upland-Paddy Rice Systems”
e2“Mulching reduced the relative abundance of plant-parasitic nematodes at both sites, and increased cowpea yield from 5.1 to 13.9 t ha−1 and 5.67 to 9.70 t ha−1 at Lieu Tu and Long Phu, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching increased cowpea yield at Long Phu from 5.67 to 9.70 t ha−1.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae2
- Treatment
- Mulchinge2
- Outcome
- cowpea yielde2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 5.67 to 9.70 t ha−1e2
- Setting
- Long Phue2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Upland-Paddy Rice Systems”
e2“Mulching reduced the relative abundance of plant-parasitic nematodes at both sites, and increased cowpea yield from 5.1 to 13.9 t ha−1 and 5.67 to 9.70 t ha−1 at Lieu Tu and Long Phu, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
A total of 37 and 35 nematode genera were identified in Lieu Tu and Long Phu.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- nematode generae1
- Value
- 37 and 35e1
- Setting
- Lieu Tu and Long Phue1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Upland-Paddy Rice Systems”
e1“A total of 37 and 35 nematode genera were identified in Lieu Tu and Long Phu”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterivores were the dominant nematode feeding group, followed by herbivores.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- dominant groupe2
- Qualifier
- Bacterivorese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Upland-Paddy Rice Systems”
e2“Bacterivores were the dominant group, followed by herbivores”
Claim · model-written summary
Acrobeloides, Hirschmanniella, Chronogaster, Aporcelaimellus and Prismatolaimus were prevalent at Long Phu.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- prevalente3
- Qualifier
- Acrobeloides, Hirschmanniella, Chronogaster, Aporcelaimellus, and Prismatolaimuse3
- Setting
- Long Phue3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Upland-Paddy Rice Systems”
e3“Acrobeloides, Hirschmanniella, Chronogaster, Aporcelaimellus, and Prismatolaimus were prevalent in Long Phu”
Claim · model-written summary
Acrobeloides, Prismatolaimus, Hirschmanniella and Alaimus dominated at Lieu Tu.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- dominatede4
- Qualifier
- Acrobeloides, Prismatolaimus, Hirschmanniella, and Alaimuse4
- Setting
- Lieu Tue4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Upland-Paddy Rice Systems”
e4“Acrobeloides, Prismatolaimus, Hirschmanniella, and Alaimus dominated in Lieu Tu”
The same questions in other papers
mulching · pest · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
mulching · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results agree
21 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
18 papers more in this group
See all 22 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.