Abstract
Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an annual plant from the legume family known as a source of protein, fiber, and carbohydrates. This study analyzed the effects of sowing time, nitrogen application, and seed inoculation with nodule bacteria on morphological traits, yield components, and bean grain yield (Galeb variety). The experiment was conducted in 2023 as a three-factor field trial under dry farming conditions on vertisol soil (village Dragovac near Požarevac). Meteorological conditions during the growing season were not favorable for bean growth and development. Results indicate that, on average, for the examined factors, the plant height was 38.7 cm. The tallest plants were recorded in the first sowing period (41.8 cm), while the shortest were in the third sowing period (34.2 cm). The average number of pods per plant was 9.6. For sowing dates and nitrogen levels, the variant with seed inoculation showed 19.5% more pods per plant. The average number of grains per plant was 45.3, and applying 100 kg ha ¹ of nitrogen resulted in ⁻ 42.5% more grains per plant. The average grain mass per plant was 6.9 g, with seed inoculation increasing it by 2.9%, while 100 kg ha ¹ of nitrogen led to a 19.0% increase. The average bean ⁻ ⁻ grain yield was 1916 kg ha ¹, with the highest yield (2198.9 kg ha ¹) obtained from the combination ⁻ of first sowing time, seed inoculation, and 100 kg ha ¹ nitrogen application.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Meteorological conditions during the growing season were not favorable for bean growth and development.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Outcome
- bean growth and developmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
e1“Meteorological conditions during the growing season were not favorable for bean growth and development”
Claim · model-written summary
On average across the examined factors, bean plant height was 38.7 cm.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- plant heighte2
- Value
- 38.7 cme2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
e2“Results indicate that, on average, for the examined factors, the plant height was 38.7 cm”
Claim · model-written summary
The tallest plants were in the first sowing period (41.8 cm).
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- first sowing periode3
- Outcome
- plant heighte2
- Direction
- talleste3
- Value
- 41.8 cme3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
e2“the plant height was 38.7 cm”
e3“The tallest plants were recorded in the first sowing period (41.8 cm)”
Claim · model-written summary
The shortest plants were in the third sowing period (34.2 cm).
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- third sowing periode4
- Outcome
- plant heighte2
- Direction
- shorteste4
- Value
- 34.2 cme4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
e2“the plant height was 38.7 cm”
e4“the shortest were in the third sowing period (34.2 cm)”
Claim · model-written summary
The average number of pods per plant was 9.6.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- pods per plante5
- Value
- 9.6e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
e5“The average number of pods per plant was 9.6”
Claim · model-written summary
Averaged over sowing dates and nitrogen levels, the seed-inoculated variant had 19.5% more pods per plant.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- seed inoculatione6
- Interactor
- nodule bacteriae1symbiont
- Outcome
- pods per plante6
- Direction
- moree6
- Value
- 19.5%e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
e1“seed inoculation with nodule bacteria”
e6“For sowing dates and nitrogen levels, the variant with seed inoculation showed 19.5% more pods per plant”
Claim · model-written summary
The average number of grains per plant was 45.3.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- grains per plante7
- Value
- 45.3e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
e7“The average number of grains per plant was 45.3”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 100 kg/ha of nitrogen gave 42.5% more grains per plant.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- nitrogene4
- Outcome
- grains per plante4
- Direction
- moree4
- Value
- 42.5%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
e4“applying 100 kg ha ¹ of nitrogen resulted in ⁻ 42.5% more grains per plant”
Claim · model-written summary
The average grain mass per plant was 6.9 g.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- grain mass per plante5
- Value
- 6.9 ge5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
e5“The average grain mass per plant was 6.9 g”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed inoculation increased grain mass per plant by 2.9%.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- seed inoculatione6
- Interactor
- nodule bacteriae1symbiont
- Outcome
- grain mass per plante5
- Direction
- increasinge6
- Value
- 2.9%e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
e1“seed inoculation with nodule bacteria”
e5“The average grain mass per plant was 6.9 g”
e6“seed inoculation increasing it by 2.9%”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen at 100 kg/ha increased grain mass per plant by 19.0%.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- nitrogene7
- Outcome
- grain mass per plante5
- Direction
- increasee7
- Value
- 19.0%e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
e5“The average grain mass per plant was 6.9 g”
e7“of nitrogen led to a 19.0% increase”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest yield, 2198.9 kg/ha, came from the combination of first sowing time, seed inoculation and 100 kg/ha nitrogen.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- first sowing time, seed inoculatione3
- Interactor
- nodule bacteriae1symbiont
- Outcome
- grain yielde4
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- 2198.9 kg ha ¹e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
e1“seed inoculation with nodule bacteria”
e3“the highest yield (2198.9 kg ha ¹) obtained from the combination ⁻ of first sowing time, seed inoculation, and 100 kg ha ¹ nitrogen application”
e4“grain yield was 1916 kg ha ¹”
Claim · model-written summary
The average bean grain yield of the Galeb variety was 1916 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Material
- Galebe5
- Outcome
- grain yielde4
- Value
- 1916 kg ha ¹e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
e4“grain yield was 1916 kg ha ¹”
e5“bean grain yield (Galeb variety)”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · yield · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
130 papers in the same direction as this paper · 22 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- negative
152 papers more in this group
See all 156 papers →inoculation · yield · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
152 papers in the same direction as this paper · 36 in the opposite direction · 6 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- negative
191 papers more in this group
See all 195 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.