Abstract
BACKGROUND: Mango (Mangifera indica L.) productivity improvement depends partly on the identification and characterization of suitable polyembryonic genotypes used in propagation. Understanding the relationship between fruit and stone morphology and early reproductive traits such as germination and polyembryony is essential for effective germplasm utilization. The present study aimed to evaluate morphological variability, germination behavior, and polyembryony in two polyembryonic mango genotypes, 'Olour' and 'Kurukkan', grown at the ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. RESULTS: A total of 260 fruits were analyzed for fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width, stone weight, stone length, and stone width, along with germination percentage, number of seedlings per stone, and polyembryony. Descriptive statistics indicated greater variability in mass-based traits compared to linear dimensions. Linear models revealed strong varietal differences in fruit weight, fruit width, stone weight, and stone width, whereas stone length exhibited relatively weak differentiation between genotypes. Correlation analysis showed strong positive associations among most fruit and stone traits, suggesting coordinated fruit-stone development. Allometric analysis demonstrated consistent sub-isometric scaling relationships, indicating conserved developmental allocation patterns across genotypes. Logistic and Poisson generalized linear models indicated that fruit and stone morphological traits had negligible influence on germination, seedling number per stone, and polyembryony. Deviance-based variance partitioning further revealed that varietal effects explained less than 1% of the variation in these early reproductive traits. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate strong developmental canalization of germination and polyembryony in polyembryonic mango genotypes. Despite clear morphological differences between 'Olour' and 'Kurukkan', early reproductive responses remain largely independent of fruit and stone morphology. These results provide important insights for germplasm characterization and support the use of polyembryonic genotypes in propagation-oriented mango improvement programs.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Mass-based mango traits varied more than linear dimensions.
- Taxon
- mango
_from_India.jpg?width=60)
Mangifera indicat0 - Outcome
- variability in mass-based traitse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- linear dimensionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_from_India.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“greater variability in mass-based traits compared to linear dimensions”
t0“mango”
Claim · model-written summary
Mango genotypes differed strongly in fruit weight and fruit width.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Outcome
- fruit weight, fruit widthe0
- Direction
- strong varietal differencese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strong varietal differences in fruit weight, fruit width, stone weight, and stone width”
t0“mango”
Claim · model-written summary
Mango genotypes differed strongly in stone weight and width.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Outcome
- stone weight, and stone widthe0
- Direction
- strong varietal differencese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strong varietal differences in fruit weight, fruit width, stone weight, and stone width”
t0“mango”
Claim · model-written summary
Stone length showed relatively weak differentiation between genotypes.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Outcome
- stone lengthe0
- Direction
- relatively weak differentiatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stone length exhibited relatively weak differentiation between genotypes”
t0“mango”
Claim · model-written summary
Most mango fruit and stone traits showed strong positive associations.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Organ / stage
- fruit and stonee0
- Outcome
- fruit and stone traitse0
- Direction
- strong positive associationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strong positive associations among most fruit and stone traits”
t0“mango”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit and stone traits showed consistent sub-isometric scaling.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Organ / stage
- fruit and stonee1
- Outcome
- sub-isometric scaling relationshipse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“consistent sub-isometric scaling relationships”
e1“fruit and stone morphological traits”
t0“mango”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit and stone morphology had negligible influence on germination.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Organ / stage
- fruit and stonee0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- negligible influencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fruit and stone morphological traits had negligible influence on germination, seedling number per stone, and polyembryony”
t0“mango”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit and stone morphology had negligible influence on seedling number per stone.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Organ / stage
- fruit and stonee0
- Outcome
- seedling number per stonee0
- Direction
- negligible influencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fruit and stone morphological traits had negligible influence on germination, seedling number per stone, and polyembryony”
t0“mango”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit and stone morphology had negligible influence on polyembryony.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Organ / stage
- fruit and stonee0
- Outcome
- polyembryonye0
- Direction
- negligible influencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fruit and stone morphological traits had negligible influence on germination, seedling number per stone, and polyembryony”
t0“mango”
Claim · model-written summary
Variety explained less than 1% of variation in early reproductive traits.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Material
- varietale0
- Outcome
- variation in these early reproductive traitse0
- Value
- less than 1%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“varietal effects explained less than 1% of the variation in these early reproductive traits”
t0“mango”