Abstract
The chemical composition and biological activities of roots of Codonopsis javanica (Blume) Hook.f. & Thomson collected from two distinct ecological regions of Vietnam (Kon Tum and Lai Chau Provinces) were investigated. Chemical profiling was performed using Ultra-performance liquid chromatography - Quadrupole Time-of-Flight - Tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS)-based metabolite profiling (, while anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated via inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production and immunomodulatory potential was assessed using phagocytosis-enhancing assays. A total of 35 metabolites belonging to major phytochemical classes, including saponin, phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, carboxylic acid, amino acids and other minor metabolites, were detected in C. javanica, of which 31 compounds are reported for the first time in C. javanica. Differences in metabolite profiles and related biological activities of C. javanica were observed between the two regions. Samples from Kon Tum Province showed stronger NO-inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ = 84.69 µg/mL) and higher phagocytosis-enhancing activity (17.25 ± 1.59 %) than those from Lai Chau Province. These differences in bioactivity are likely attributable to variations in the levels of several key metabolites. The Kon Tum samples (CKT) contained higher amounts of syringin, lobetyolin, tangshenoside I, codonoside A and codonoside B compared with the Lai Chau samples (CLC), suggesting that these compounds play important roles in the biological activities of C. javanica. This is the first report combining UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-based metabolite profiling with NO inhibition and phagocytosis-enhancing evaluations of C. javanica. The findings highlight the strong influence of ecological and climatic factors on the metabolic landscape and bioactivity of this medicinal plant.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
A total of 35 metabolites from major phytochemical classes were detected in C. javanica.
- Taxon
- C. javanica
_Codonopsis_javanica_-%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%98%89%E9%81%93%E7%90%86%E8%BE%B2%E5%A0%B4_Kadoorie_Farm%2C_Hong_Kong-_(9237476573).jpg?width=60)
Codonopsis javanicae1 - Outcome
- metabolitese1
- Value
- 35e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Codonopsis_javanica_-%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%98%89%E9%81%93%E7%90%86%E8%BE%B2%E5%A0%B4_Kadoorie_Farm%2C_Hong_Kong-_(9237476573).jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“A total of 35 metabolites belonging to major phytochemical classes, including saponin, phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, carboxylic acid, amino acids and other minor metabolites, were detected in C. javanica”
Claim · model-written summary
Of the detected compounds, 31 are reported for the first time in C. javanica.
- Taxon
- C. javanicaCodonopsis javanicae1
- Outcome
- compounds are reported for the first timee1
- Value
- 31e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“of which 31 compounds are reported for the first time in C. javanica”
Claim · model-written summary
Metabolite profiles and related biological activities of C. javanica differed between the two regions.
- Taxon
- C. javanicaCodonopsis javanicae1
- Outcome
- metabolite profiles and related biological activitiese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Differences in metabolite profiles and related biological activities of C. javanica were observed between the two regions”
Claim · model-written summary
Samples from Kon Tum Province showed stronger NO-inhibitory activity (IC50 = 84.69 ug/mL) than those from Lai Chau Province.
- Taxon
- Codonopsis javanicaCodonopsis javanicat0
- Outcome
- NO-inhibitory activitye1
- Direction
- strongere1
- Value
- IC₅₀ = 84.69 µg/mLe1
- Comparator
- Lai Chau Provincee2
- Setting
- Kon Tum Provincee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Codonopsis javanica”
e1“Samples from Kon Tum Province showed stronger NO-inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ = 84.69 µg/mL)”
e2“than those from Lai Chau Province”
Claim · model-written summary
Samples from Kon Tum Province showed higher phagocytosis-enhancing activity (17.25 +/- 1.59 %) than those from Lai Chau Province.
- Taxon
- Codonopsis javanicaCodonopsis javanicat0
- Outcome
- phagocytosis-enhancing activitye1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 17.25 ± 1.59 %e1
- Comparator
- Lai Chau Provincee1
- Setting
- Kon Tum Provincee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Codonopsis javanica”
e1“higher phagocytosis-enhancing activity (17.25 ± 1.59 %) than those from Lai Chau Province”
e2“Samples from Kon Tum Province”
Claim · model-written summary
Kon Tum samples contained higher amounts of syringin, lobetyolin and tangshenoside I than Lai Chau samples.
- Taxon
- Codonopsis javanicaCodonopsis javanicat0
- Outcome
- amounts of syringin, lobetyolin, tangshenoside Ie1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- Lai Chau samplese2
- Setting
- Kon Tume1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Codonopsis javanica”
e1“The Kon Tum samples (CKT) contained higher amounts of syringin, lobetyolin, tangshenoside I”
e2“compared with the Lai Chau samples (CLC)”
Claim · model-written summary
Kon Tum samples contained higher amounts of codonoside A and codonoside B than Lai Chau samples.
- Taxon
- Codonopsis javanicaCodonopsis javanicat0
- Outcome
- codonoside A and codonoside Be2
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- Lai Chau samplese2
- Setting
- Kon Tume1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Codonopsis javanica”
e1“The Kon Tum samples (CKT) contained higher amounts”
e2“codonoside A and codonoside B compared with the Lai Chau samples (CLC)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret the findings as showing a strong influence of ecological and climatic factors on the metabolic landscape and bioactivity of C. javanica.
- Taxon
- Codonopsis javanicaCodonopsis javanicat0
- Treatment
- ecological and climatic factorse1
- Outcome
- metabolic landscape and bioactivitye1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Codonopsis javanica”
e1“the strong influence of ecological and climatic factors on the metabolic landscape and bioactivity of this medicinal plant”