Abstract
Using spectral methods, we studied the condition of leaves with blue or silver colour from 14-allelopathic medicinal species of arid zone of Kalmykia near Caspian Sea coast. The presence of blue azulene pigments on the surface and inside the cells was evaluated. Using microspectro-photometry techniques, the dynamics of the number of azulenes on the surface of intact cells according to their absorption spectra (maxima in the region of 570-630 nm) was seen, confirmed by spectral analysis of ethanol and acetone extracts of these pigments during short 10-min extraction of intact leaves. Prolonged extraction for 24 h also indicated the presence of azulenes inside the cells. The large amount of these pigments was found in all extraction samples, characteristic of the highest ultraviolet insolation and salt-enriched inhabitations. Azulenes were observed in 10-day old seedlings of some plants studied, mainly on the leaf surface. Testing of synthetic azulene and purified azulene fractions from several plants on unicellular cells of diatoms Ulnaria ulna, pollen of Hibiscus sp. or Equisetum arvense vegetative microspores decreased their vitality and germination. Among the possible mechanisms of azulene’s action in biocenosis, it was considered redox reactions with cellular components or external allelochemicals and synthesis of new compounds based on the link with 7-chain ring or 5-chain ring in the molecule. It was assumed that this was due to the antioxidant protection of azulenes from the damaging effects of the formed reactive oxygen species in the arid zone.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Prolonged 24 h extraction indicated the presence of azulenes inside the cells of leaves of the allelopathic medicinal species of the arid zone of Kalmykia.
Verbatim
e0“14-allelopathic medicinal species of arid zone of Kalmykia”
e1“Prolonged extraction for 24 h also indicated the presence of azulenes inside the cells”
Claim · model-written summary
Azulene pigments were found in large amounts in all extraction samples, characteristic of the highest ultraviolet insolation and salt-enriched habitats.
Verbatim
e0“14-allelopathic medicinal species of arid zone of Kalmykia”
e2“The large amount of these pigments was found in all extraction samples, characteristic of the highest ultraviolet insolation and salt-enriched inhabitations”
Claim · model-written summary
Azulenes were observed in 10-day old seedlings of some of the plants studied, mainly on the leaf surface.
Verbatim
e3“Azulenes were observed in 10-day old seedlings of some plants studied, mainly on the leaf surface”
Claim · model-written summary
Microspectrophotometry showed azulenes on the surface of intact cells with absorption maxima in the region of 570-630 nm, confirmed by spectral analysis of ethanol and acetone extracts.
Verbatim
e0“14-allelopathic medicinal species of arid zone of Kalmykia”
e4“the dynamics of the number of azulenes on the surface of intact cells according to their absorption spectra (maxima in the region of 570-630 nm) was seen”
Claim · model-written summary
Synthetic azulene and purified azulene fractions from several plants decreased the vitality and germination of pollen of Hibiscus sp.
- Organ / stage
- pollene5
- Treatment
- synthetic azulene and purified azulene fractionse5
- Outcome
- vitality and germinatione5
- Direction
- decreasede5
HibiscusNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Testing of synthetic azulene and purified azulene fractions from several plants on unicellular cells of diatoms Ulnaria ulna, pollen of Hibiscus sp. or Equisetum arvense vegetative microspores decreased their vitality and germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Synthetic azulene and purified azulene fractions from several plants decreased the vitality and germination of Equisetum arvense vegetative microspores.
- Taxon
- Equisetum arvense
Equisetum arvensee5 - Organ / stage
- vegetative microsporese5
- Treatment
- synthetic azulene and purified azulene fractionse5
- Outcome
- vitality and germinatione5
- Direction
- decreasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Testing of synthetic azulene and purified azulene fractions from several plants on unicellular cells of diatoms Ulnaria ulna, pollen of Hibiscus sp. or Equisetum arvense vegetative microspores decreased their vitality and germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Synthetic azulene and purified azulene fractions from several plants decreased the vitality of unicellular cells of the diatom Ulnaria ulna.
- Taxon
- Ulnaria ulna
Ulnaria ulnae5 - Organ / stage
- unicellular cellse5
- Treatment
- synthetic azulene and purified azulene fractionse5
- Outcome
- vitalitye5
- Direction
- decreasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Testing of synthetic azulene and purified azulene fractions from several plants on unicellular cells of diatoms Ulnaria ulna, pollen of Hibiscus sp. or Equisetum arvense vegetative microspores decreased their vitality and germination”