Abstract
Rainfed land in Indonesia is vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and is constrained by low soil fertility.External inputs such as biochar-coated urea and livestock manure can reduce greenhouse gas emissions from rainfed land, particularly nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2).Anthropogenic CO2 and N2O emissions from rainfed fields contribute to global warming.The research aims to determine the effect of urea-coated biochar-enriched consortia microbes and manure on flux dynamics of CO2and N2O under sorghum growth (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) in a rainfed field.A field experiment was conducted using a two-factor randomized complete block design with three replicates and two-factor treatments.The three levels of first factor treatment were no manure, cow manure, chicken manure, and the four levels of second factor treatment was farmer's recommended dose, prilled urea, biochar-coated urea, biochar-coated urea with microbial enrichment.Observed parameters included plant height, biomass yield, N2O flux, and CO2 flux.Only manure application significantly affected plant height, but its interaction with N input was nonsignificant for either plant height or sorghum biomass yield.The N2O flux pattern is high at the beginning of sorghum growth and decreases towards harvest, while the CO2 flux pattern is irregular.Manure treatment and N input significantly affect N2O emissions, but not CO2 emissions.Biochar-coated urea from corn biomass, either without or with microbial enrichment, can reduce N2O emissions by 20.8%-40.5% or 15.3%-36.4%,respectively.The combination of biochar-based fertilizer with organic manure can potentially mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in rainfed fields.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Manure application significantly affected sorghum plant height.
SorghumNot reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of biochar-coated urea and manure on N2O and CO2 flux dynamics during sorghum growth in rainfed fields”
e1“Only manure application significantly affected plant height”
Claim · model-written summary
The interaction of manure with N input had no significant effect on plant height or sorghum biomass yield.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of biochar-coated urea and manure on N2O and CO2 flux dynamics during sorghum growth in rainfed fields”
e2“Only manure application significantly affected plant height, but its interaction with N input was nonsignificant for either plant height or sorghum biomass yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The N2O flux was high at the beginning of sorghum growth and decreased towards harvest.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of biochar-coated urea and manure on N2O and CO2 flux dynamics during sorghum growth in rainfed fields”
e3“The N2O flux pattern is high at the beginning of sorghum growth and decreases towards harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
The CO2 flux pattern was irregular.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of biochar-coated urea and manure on N2O and CO2 flux dynamics during sorghum growth in rainfed fields”
e4“the CO2 flux pattern is irregular”
Claim · model-written summary
Manure treatment and N input significantly affected N2O emissions.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of biochar-coated urea and manure on N2O and CO2 flux dynamics during sorghum growth in rainfed fields”
e5“Manure treatment and N input significantly affect N2O emissions, but not CO2 emissions”
Claim · model-written summary
Manure treatment and N input did not significantly affect CO2 emissions.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of biochar-coated urea and manure on N2O and CO2 flux dynamics during sorghum growth in rainfed fields”
e5“Manure treatment and N input significantly affect N2O emissions, but not CO2 emissions”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar-coated urea from corn biomass reduced N2O emissions by 20.8%-40.5% without microbial enrichment.
- Treatment
- Biochar-coated urea from corn biomasse6
- Outcome
- N2O emissionse6
- Direction
- reducee6
- Value
- 20.8%-40.5%e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of biochar-coated urea and manure on N2O and CO2 flux dynamics during sorghum growth in rainfed fields”
e6“Biochar-coated urea from corn biomass, either without or with microbial enrichment, can reduce N2O emissions by 20.8%-40.5% or 15.3%-36.4%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar-coated urea from corn biomass with microbial enrichment reduced N2O emissions by 15.3%-36.4%.
- Treatment
- Biochar-coated urea from corn biomasse6
- Outcome
- N2O emissionse6
- Direction
- reducee6
- Value
- 15.3%-36.4%e6
- Qualifier
- with microbial enrichmente6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of biochar-coated urea and manure on N2O and CO2 flux dynamics during sorghum growth in rainfed fields”
e6“Biochar-coated urea from corn biomass, either without or with microbial enrichment, can reduce N2O emissions by 20.8%-40.5% or 15.3%-36.4%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of biochar-based fertilizer with organic manure can potentially mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in rainfed fields.
- Treatment
- biochar-based fertilizer with organic manuree7
- Outcome
- mitigate greenhouse gas emissionse7
- Setting
- rainfed fieldse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of biochar-coated urea and manure on N2O and CO2 flux dynamics during sorghum growth in rainfed fields”
e7“The combination of biochar-based fertilizer with organic manure can potentially mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in rainfed fields”
The same questions in other papers
biochar · environment: emissions · SorghumResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
nitrogen · environment: emissions · SorghumResults agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.