Abstract
Although mycovirus-based biopesticides have shown promise in laboratory studies, they are not yet widely available. Our previous characterization of soybean leaf-associated gemygorvirus 1 (SlaGemV1) indicated its unique property for extracellular transmission and to evaluate its effectiveness against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, we tested three formulations in greenhouse and field settings. First, in greenhouse trials, introducing hypovirulent S. sclerotiorum infected with SlaGemV1 into soil at the time of planting led to significant improvements in leaf area, plant height, and photosynthetic efficiency (all P < 0.01) while also reducing disease symptoms from subsequent S. sclerotiorum infections (P < 0.001). In field tests, plant height increased (P < 0.01). Second, SlaGemV1-infected S. sclerotiorum was homogenized to create a slurry, which was sprayed at flowering. This treatment provided protection against S. sclerotiorum infection, reducing sclerotia formation and average lesion lengths on greenhouse tomato plants (P < 0.05) and reducing lesions on pinto bean plants (P < 0.01) while increasing aboveground dry mass under S. sclerotiorum inoculation (P < 0.05). Third, filtering the homogenate and spraying crude particle filtrates (PFs) successfully reduced lesion lengths in basil, geranium, and sunflower (P < 0.05) in greenhouse trials. In 2023, PF spray also lowered disease incidence in sunflower plots in the field (P < 0.05). In 2024, PF-treated soybean and sunflower plots showed a significantly reduced disease severity index at the end of the growing season (P < 0.05). Based on these findings, we conclude that SlaGemV1 is an effective biopesticide using the formulations and delivery methods described.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Soil delivery of infected hypovirulent Sclerotinia increased leaf area, height and photosynthetic efficiency in greenhouse trials.
- Treatment
- introducing hypovirulent S. sclerotiorum infected with SlaGemV1 into soile0
- Interactor
- S. sclerotiorum
Sclerotinia sclerotiorume0pathogen - Outcome
- leaf area, plant height, and photosynthetic efficiencye0
- Direction
- improvementse0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“introducing hypovirulent S. sclerotiorum infected with SlaGemV1 into soil at the time of planting led to significant improvements in leaf area, plant height, and photosynthetic efficiency (all P < 0.01)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil delivery reduced symptoms after subsequent Sclerotinia infection.
- Treatment
- introducing hypovirulent S. sclerotiorum infected with SlaGemV1 into soile1
- Interactor
- S. sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorume0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease symptoms from subsequent S. sclerotiorum infectionse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reducing disease symptoms from subsequent S. sclerotiorum infections (P < 0.001)”
t1“Sclerotinia sclerotiorum”
e1“introducing hypovirulent S. sclerotiorum infected with SlaGemV1 into soil at the time of planting led to significant improvements in leaf area, plant height, and photosynthetic efficiency (all P < 0.01)”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height increased in field tests.
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“In field tests, plant height increased (P < 0.01)”
Claim · model-written summary
Slurry spray reduced sclerotia and lesion lengths on greenhouse tomato.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- slurrye1
- Interactor
- S. sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorume1pathogent1
- Outcome
- sclerotia formation and average lesion lengthse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reducing sclerotia formation and average lesion lengths on greenhouse tomato plants (P < 0.05)”
t1“Sclerotinia sclerotiorum”
e1“SlaGemV1-infected S. sclerotiorum was homogenized to create a slurry, which was sprayed at flowering”
Claim · model-written summary
Slurry spray reduced lesions on pinto bean.
- Taxon
- pinto beane0
- Treatment
- slurrye1
- Interactor
- S. sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorume1pathogent1
- Outcome
- lesionse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reducing lesions on pinto bean plants (P < 0.01)”
t1“Sclerotinia sclerotiorum”
e1“SlaGemV1-infected S. sclerotiorum was homogenized to create a slurry, which was sprayed at flowering”
Claim · model-written summary
Slurry spray increased aboveground dry mass under Sclerotinia inoculation.
- Taxon
- pinto beane2
- Treatment
- slurrye1
- Interactor
- S. sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorume0pathogent1
- Outcome
- aboveground dry masse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing aboveground dry mass under S. sclerotiorum inoculation (P < 0.05)”
t1“Sclerotinia sclerotiorum”
e1“SlaGemV1-infected S. sclerotiorum was homogenized to create a slurry, which was sprayed at flowering”
e2“reducing lesions on pinto bean plants (P < 0.01)”
Claim · model-written summary
Particle filtrate reduced lesion lengths in basil.
- Taxon
- basil
Ocimum basilicume0 - Treatment
- spraying crude particle filtrates (PFs)e1
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorumt1pathogen
- Outcome
- lesion lengthse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced lesion lengths in basil, geranium, and sunflower (P < 0.05)”
t1“Sclerotinia sclerotiorum”
e1“filtering the homogenate and spraying crude particle filtrates (PFs) successfully reduced lesion lengths in basil, geranium, and sunflower (P < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Particle filtrate reduced lesion lengths in geranium.
- Treatment
- spraying crude particle filtrates (PFs)e1
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorumt1pathogen
- Outcome
- lesion lengthse0
- Direction
- reducede0
GeraniumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced lesion lengths in basil, geranium, and sunflower (P < 0.05)”
t1“Sclerotinia sclerotiorum”
e1“filtering the homogenate and spraying crude particle filtrates (PFs) successfully reduced lesion lengths in basil, geranium, and sunflower (P < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Particle filtrate reduced lesion lengths in sunflower.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse0 - Treatment
- spraying crude particle filtrates (PFs)e1
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorumt1pathogen
- Outcome
- lesion lengthse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced lesion lengths in basil, geranium, and sunflower (P < 0.05)”
t1“Sclerotinia sclerotiorum”
e1“filtering the homogenate and spraying crude particle filtrates (PFs) successfully reduced lesion lengths in basil, geranium, and sunflower (P < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Particle filtrate lowered sunflower disease incidence in 2023 field plots.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- PF spraye0
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorumt1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- lowerede0
- Setting
- fielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2023, PF spray also lowered disease incidence in sunflower plots in the field (P < 0.05)”
t1“Sclerotinia sclerotiorum”
Claim · model-written summary
Particle filtrate reduced disease severity index in soybean plots in 2024.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- PF-treatede0
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorumt1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severity indexe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2024, PF-treated soybean and sunflower plots showed a significantly reduced disease severity index at the end of the growing season (P < 0.05)”
t1“Sclerotinia sclerotiorum”
Claim · model-written summary
Particle filtrate reduced disease severity index in sunflower plots in 2024.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- PF-treatede0
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorumt1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severity indexe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2024, PF-treated soybean and sunflower plots showed a significantly reduced disease severity index at the end of the growing season (P < 0.05)”
t1“Sclerotinia sclerotiorum”
The same questions in other papers
application · Sclerotinia sclerotiorum · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
fertilization · Sclerotinia sclerotiorum · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.