Abstract
The massulae and pollen grains in pollinia of four palustrine South American species of Habenaria, H. bractescens, H. gourlieana, H. paucifolia and H. secunda were studied here for the first time using light, scanning, and transmission electronic microscopy. The pollinia have acalymmate, piriform or tabular massulae. Filiform elastoviscin threads are formed between the pollen grains of pollinia, allowing them to stick together. The pollen grains are inaperturate, grouped into calymmate tetrads, and have reticulate or reticulum-like, heterobrochate exine. Reticulate ornamentation consists of irregular, rounded, wide or narrow, continuous muri, while reticulum-like ornamentation is formed by discontinuous, partial muri, superficially smooth or with spherical micro-granules, intermingling with some isolated elements that can be interpreted as pila. The wall structure of individual pollen grains differs according to their position in the tetrads: outside walls develop complete exine and intine, with columellae, while the walls inside the pollinium lack exine or develop only a much reduced one. Palynological characters differentiate the species: pyriform massulae, triangular in outline, occur in H. gourlieana, H. paucifolia and H. secunda, while tabular massulae, oblong in outline, characterise H. bractescens. Ornamentation also distinguishes H. gourlieana grains, with interrupted, discontinuous muri, from the other three species, bearing reticulate grains. Elastoviscin filiform threads, which were found to be lipidic in nature, are simple or ramified, and some bear pores (in H. bractescens). Branched filiform threads characterise H. bractescens and H. secunda, while unbranched, filiform threads correspond to H. gourlieana and H. paucifolia.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Pollinia have acalymmate, piriform or tabular massulae.
_W_IMG_1983.jpg?width=60){kind=small}
HabenariaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
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Verbatim
e0“The pollinia have acalymmate, piriform or tabular massulae”
t0“Habenaria”
Claim · model-written summary
Filiform elastoviscin threads form between pollen grains and bind them.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Filiform elastoviscin threads are formed between the pollen grains of pollinia, allowing them to stick together”
t0“Habenaria”
Claim · model-written summary
Pollen grains are inaperturate, in calymmate tetrads, with reticulate or reticulum-like heterobrochate exine.
- Organ / stage
- pollen grainse0
- Outcome
- inaperturate, grouped into calymmate tetrads, and have reticulate or reticulum-like, heterobrochate exinee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pollen grains are inaperturate, grouped into calymmate tetrads, and have reticulate or reticulum-like, heterobrochate exine”
t0“Habenaria”
Claim · model-written summary
Reticulate ornamentation has irregular continuous muri, whereas reticulum-like ornamentation has discontinuous partial muri and isolated pila-like elements.
- Outcome
- Reticulate ornamentatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reticulate ornamentation consists of irregular, rounded, wide or narrow, continuous muri, while reticulum-like ornamentation is formed by discontinuous, partial muri, superficially smooth or with spherical micro-granules, intermingling with some isolated elements that can be interpreted as pila”
t0“Habenaria”
Claim · model-written summary
Outer pollen walls have complete exine and intine with columellae, whereas inner walls lack exine or have a reduced one.
- Outcome
- outside walls develop complete exine and intine, with columellaee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“outside walls develop complete exine and intine, with columellae, while the walls inside the pollinium lack exine or develop only a much reduced one”
t0“Habenaria”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyriform triangular massulae occur in H. gourlieana, H. paucifolia and H. secunda.
Verbatim
e0“pyriform massulae, triangular in outline, occur in H. gourlieana, H. paucifolia and H. secunda”
Claim · model-written summary
Tabular oblong massulae characterize H. bractescens.
- Taxon
- H. bractescens
Habenaria bractescense0 - Outcome
- tabular massulae, oblong in outlinee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tabular massulae, oblong in outline, characterise H. bractescens”
Claim · model-written summary
H. gourlieana has interrupted discontinuous muri, unlike the other three species with reticulate grains.
- Taxon
- H. gourlieana
Habenaria gourlieanae0 - Outcome
- interrupted, discontinuous murie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“H. gourlieana grains, with interrupted, discontinuous muri, from the other three species, bearing reticulate grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Elastoviscin threads were lipidic and sometimes bore pores in H. bractescens.
- Taxon
- H. bractescensHabenaria bractescense0
- Outcome
- lipidic in naturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elastoviscin filiform threads, which were found to be lipidic in nature, are simple or ramified, and some bear pores (in H. bractescens)”
Claim · model-written summary
Branched threads characterize H. bractescens and H. secunda.
- Taxon
- H. bractescens and H. secundaHabenaria bractescensHabenaria secundae0
- Outcome
- Branched filiform threadse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Branched filiform threads characterise H. bractescens and H. secunda”
Claim · model-written summary
Unbranched threads occur in H. gourlieana and H. paucifolia.
Verbatim
e0“unbranched, filiform threads correspond to H. gourlieana and H. paucifolia”