Abstract
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen top-dressed at the different growth stages on the morphological and physical characteristics of barley culm. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. By top-dressing of nitrogen in March, each internode length from the third to the fifth internode was shortened, and total fresh weight of the top, dry weight per unit culm, inside or outside culm diameter and thickness of culm were increased. Therefore these characteristics related to lodging indicated the beneficial changes for lodging resistance by top-dressing of nitrogen in March. 2. Both weight of culm at breaking and bending moment of culm at breaking, expressing lodging resistance of culm, were increased in the plots of nitrogen top-dressed in March. Accordingly lodging resistance became higher by top-dressing of nitrogen in March. 3. Both section modulus and secondary moment of inertia, expressing bending stiffness of culm, were increased by top-dressing of nitrogen in March. Accordingly lodging index, expressing comprehensive lodging resistance, became low by top-dressing of nitrogen in March. 4. Both spike weight and grain yield were increased by top-dressing of nitrogen in March. Consequently we came to the conclusion that the suitable top-dressing time of nitrogen was in March.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
March nitrogen top dressing shortened the third through fifth internodes.
- Taxon
- Barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Organ / stage
- third to the fifth internodee0
- Treatment
- top-dressing of nitrogen in Marche0
- Outcome
- internode lengthe0
- Direction
- shortenede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“By top-dressing of nitrogen in March, each internode length from the third to the fifth internode was shortened”
t0“Effects of Top-Dressing Time of Nitrogen on Morphological and Physical Characteristics of Barley Culms”
Claim · model-written summary
March nitrogen top dressing increased top fresh weight, dry weight per unit culm and culm diameters.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- top-dressing of nitrogen in Marche1
- Outcome
- total fresh weight of the top, dry weight per unit culm, inside or outside culm diametere0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total fresh weight of the top, dry weight per unit culm, inside or outside culm diameter and thickness of culm were increased”
e1“By top-dressing of nitrogen in March, each internode length from the third to the fifth internode was shortened”
t0“Effects of Top-Dressing Time of Nitrogen on Morphological and Physical Characteristics of Barley Culms”
Claim · model-written summary
March nitrogen top dressing increased culm thickness.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- top-dressing of nitrogen in Marche1
- Outcome
- thickness of culme0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thickness of culm were increased”
e1“By top-dressing of nitrogen in March, each internode length from the third to the fifth internode was shortened”
t0“Effects of Top-Dressing Time of Nitrogen on Morphological and Physical Characteristics of Barley Culms”
Claim · model-written summary
March nitrogen top dressing increased culm breaking weight and bending moment at breaking.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- nitrogen top-dressed in Marche0
- Outcome
- weight of culm at breaking and bending moment of culm at breakinge0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both weight of culm at breaking and bending moment of culm at breaking, expressing lodging resistance of culm, were increased in the plots of nitrogen top-dressed in March.”
t0“Effects of Top-Dressing Time of Nitrogen on Morphological and Physical Characteristics of Barley Culms”
Claim · model-written summary
March nitrogen top dressing increased section modulus and secondary moment of inertia.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- top-dressing of nitrogen in Marche0
- Outcome
- section modulus and secondary moment of inertiae0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both section modulus and secondary moment of inertia, expressing bending stiffness of culm, were increased by top-dressing of nitrogen in March.”
t0“Effects of Top-Dressing Time of Nitrogen on Morphological and Physical Characteristics of Barley Culms”
Claim · model-written summary
March nitrogen top dressing lowered the lodging index.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- top-dressing of nitrogen in Marche0
- Outcome
- lodging indexe0
- Direction
- lowe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lodging index, expressing comprehensive lodging resistance, became low by top-dressing of nitrogen in March.”
t0“Effects of Top-Dressing Time of Nitrogen on Morphological and Physical Characteristics of Barley Culms”
Claim · model-written summary
March nitrogen top dressing increased spike weight and grain yield.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- top-dressing of nitrogen in Marche0
- Outcome
- spike weight and grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both spike weight and grain yield were increased by top-dressing of nitrogen in March.”
t0“Effects of Top-Dressing Time of Nitrogen on Morphological and Physical Characteristics of Barley Culms”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that March was the suitable nitrogen top dressing time.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- suitable top-dressing time of nitrogen was in Marche0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the suitable top-dressing time of nitrogen was in March.”
t0“Effects of Top-Dressing Time of Nitrogen on Morphological and Physical Characteristics of Barley Culms”
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