Abstract
The allelopathic potential of rice straw cv. Giza 178 was evaluated on the germination and seed-ling growth of squash, turnip, lentil wheat, Egyptian berseem and flax. Germination percentage and rate of all studied crop seeds were not affected significantly by aqueous extracts of rice straw, ex-cept for the rate of germination of flax which was delayed by increasing the extract concentration. Shoot length of flax was inhibited by 10.2% with 0.1% dilution, but was stimulated for wheat shoot length by5.6% at undiluted extracts. Seedling length of turnip and flax was stimulated by 46.9& 16.2%, respectively¸ with undiluted extracts. Seed-ling growth response depended on the extract concentration. Squash seedling fresh weight was stimulated by 9.3% at undiluted extract. How-ever all other crop seedling fresh weight was not significantly affected.Residues from rice straw placed in pots of sand had no significant effect on the emergence per-centage and rate of all studied crops, except for emergence percentage of Egyptian berseem and wheat which was increased and the rate of emer-gence of turnip and lentil which were delayed by increasing residue concentration. The flax emerged seedling shoot length and lentil seedling length were inhibited by 9.6% and 14.3%¸ respec-tively, in the presence of low rice straw residues as compared with control. The fresh weight of turnip, lentil, squash and wheat emerged seedling were stimulated by 3.3%, 8.4%, 22.8% and 26.4%¸ re-spectively¸ at higher residue concentration (1%).The stimulation effect by undiluted extract, and higher residue concentration from rice straw tissue may contain water-soluble compounds that exert allelopathic effect on the growth of studied crops under controlled environmental and greenhouse conditions, and it may be recommend to incorpo-rate rice straw in the soil at higher concentration under field conditions. However more research is needed to identify these possible allelopathic com-pounds and demonstrate their potential field condi-tions.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Rice straw aqueous extracts did not significantly affect germination percentage and rate for most studied crops.
- Taxon
- squash, turnip, lentil wheat, Egyptian berseem and flaxe1
- Treatment
- aqueous extracts of rice strawe0
- Interactor
- rice strawe0weed
- Outcome
- Germination percentage and ratee0
- Direction
- not affected significantlye0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Germination percentage and rate of all studied crop seeds were not affected significantly by aqueous extracts of rice straw”
e1“The allelopathic potential of rice straw cv. Giza 178 was evaluated on the germination and seed-ling growth of squash, turnip, lentil wheat, Egyptian berseem and flax.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing rice straw extract concentration delayed flax germination rate.
- Taxon
- flax
Linum usitatissimume0 - Treatment
- increasing the extract concentratione0
- Outcome
- rate of germinatione0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rate of germination of flax which was delayed by increasing the extract concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
At 0.1% dilution, rice straw extract inhibited flax shoot length by 10.2%.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimume0
- Treatment
- 0.1% dilutione0
- Outcome
- Shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 10.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shoot length of flax was inhibited by 10.2% with 0.1% dilution”
Claim · model-written summary
Undiluted extract stimulated wheat shoot length by 5.6%.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- undiluted extractse0
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Value
- 5.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stimulated for wheat shoot length by5.6% at undiluted extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
Undiluted extract stimulated turnip seedling length by 46.9%.
- Taxon
- turnip
.jpg?width=60)
Brassica rapa subsp. rapae0 - Treatment
- undiluted extractse0
- Outcome
- Seedling lengthe0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Value
- 46.9&e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Seedling length of turnip and flax was stimulated by 46.9& 16.2%, respectively¸ with undiluted extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
Undiluted extract stimulated flax seedling length by 16.2%.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimume0
- Treatment
- undiluted extractse0
- Outcome
- Seedling lengthe0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Value
- 16.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedling length of turnip and flax was stimulated by 46.9& 16.2%, respectively¸ with undiluted extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
Undiluted extract stimulated squash seedling fresh weight by 9.3%.
- Taxon
- Squashe0
- Treatment
- undiluted extracte0
- Outcome
- seedling fresh weighte0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Value
- 9.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Squash seedling fresh weight was stimulated by 9.3% at undiluted extract”
Claim · model-written summary
Other crop seedling fresh weights were not significantly affected by extract.
- Taxon
- squash, turnip, lentil wheat, Egyptian berseem and flaxe1
- Treatment
- rice strawe1
- Outcome
- crop seedling fresh weighte0
- Direction
- not significantly affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“all other crop seedling fresh weight was not significantly affected”
e1“The allelopathic potential of rice straw cv. Giza 178 was evaluated on the germination and seed-ling growth of squash, turnip, lentil wheat, Egyptian berseem and flax.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice straw residues did not significantly affect emergence percentage and rate of most crops.
- Taxon
- squash, turnip, lentil wheat, Egyptian berseem and flaxe1
- Treatment
- Residues from rice strawe0
- Outcome
- emergence per-centage and ratee0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Residues from rice straw placed in pots of sand had no significant effect on the emergence per-centage and rate of all studied crops”
e1“The allelopathic potential of rice straw cv. Giza 178 was evaluated on the germination and seed-ling growth of squash, turnip, lentil wheat, Egyptian berseem and flax.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing residue concentration raised Egyptian berseem emergence percentage.
- Taxon
- Egyptian berseeme0
- Treatment
- increasing residue concentratione0
- Outcome
- emergence percentagee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“emergence percentage of Egyptian berseem and wheat which was increased and the rate of emer-gence of turnip and lentil which were delayed by increasing residue concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing residue concentration raised wheat emergence percentage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- increasing residue concentratione0
- Outcome
- emergence percentagee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“emergence percentage of Egyptian berseem and wheat which was increased and the rate of emer-gence of turnip and lentil which were delayed by increasing residue concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing residue concentration delayed turnip emergence rate.
- Taxon
- turnipBrassica rapa subsp. rapae0
- Treatment
- increasing residue concentratione0
- Outcome
- rate of emer-gencee0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rate of emer-gence of turnip and lentil which were delayed by increasing residue concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing residue concentration delayed lentil emergence rate.
- Taxon
- lentil
Lens culinarise0 - Treatment
- increasing residue concentratione0
- Outcome
- rate of emer-gencee0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rate of emer-gence of turnip and lentil which were delayed by increasing residue concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Low residue inhibited flax shoot length by 9.6% against control.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimume0
- Treatment
- low rice straw residuese0
- Outcome
- emerged seedling shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 9.6%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“flax emerged seedling shoot length and lentil seedling length were inhibited by 9.6% and 14.3%¸ respec-tively, in the presence of low rice straw residues as compared with control”
Claim · model-written summary
Low residue inhibited lentil seedling length by 14.3% against control.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- low rice straw residuese0
- Outcome
- seedling lengthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 14.3%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“flax emerged seedling shoot length and lentil seedling length were inhibited by 9.6% and 14.3%¸ respec-tively, in the presence of low rice straw residues as compared with control”
Claim · model-written summary
At 1% residue, turnip seedling fresh weight increased 3.3%.
- Taxon
- turnipBrassica rapa subsp. rapae0
- Treatment
- higher residue concentration (1%)e0
- Outcome
- fresh weighte0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Value
- 3.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fresh weight of turnip, lentil, squash and wheat emerged seedling were stimulated by 3.3%, 8.4%, 22.8% and 26.4%¸ re-spectively¸ at higher residue concentration (1%)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 1% residue, lentil seedling fresh weight increased 8.4%.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- higher residue concentration (1%)e0
- Outcome
- fresh weighte0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Value
- 8.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fresh weight of turnip, lentil, squash and wheat emerged seedling were stimulated by 3.3%, 8.4%, 22.8% and 26.4%¸ re-spectively¸ at higher residue concentration (1%)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 1% residue, squash seedling fresh weight increased 22.8%.
- Taxon
- squashe0
- Treatment
- higher residue concentration (1%)e0
- Outcome
- fresh weighte0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Value
- 22.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“fresh weight of turnip, lentil, squash and wheat emerged seedling were stimulated by 3.3%, 8.4%, 22.8% and 26.4%¸ re-spectively¸ at higher residue concentration (1%)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 1% residue, wheat seedling fresh weight increased 26.4%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- higher residue concentration (1%)e0
- Outcome
- fresh weighte0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Value
- 26.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fresh weight of turnip, lentil, squash and wheat emerged seedling were stimulated by 3.3%, 8.4%, 22.8% and 26.4%¸ re-spectively¸ at higher residue concentration (1%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend incorporating rice straw at higher concentration in field soil.
Verbatim
e0“it may be recommend to incorpo-rate rice straw in the soil at higher concentration under field conditions”
e1“The allelopathic potential of rice straw cv. Giza 178 was evaluated on the germination and seed-ling growth of squash, turnip, lentil wheat, Egyptian berseem and flax.”
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