Abstract
Applications of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] at 1.1 kg/ha at the start of each growing season severely damaged established alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L. ‘Beaver’) and reduced seed yield 32% over a 4-yr period. Dandelion ( Taraxacum officinale Weber) populations were reduced but perennial sowthistle ( Sonchus arvensis L.) increased in frequency. Dichlobenil (2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile) applied at 2.1 kg/ha controlled both dandelion and perennial sowthistle. Alfalfa was damaged initially but rapid recovery resulted in an increase in seed yield in 2 yr out of 4. Terbacil (3- tert -butyl-5-chloro-6-methyluracil) applied at 1.1 kg/ha also controlled dandelion and perennial sowthistle. No alfalfa damage was evident and seed yields were increased 34% over a 3-yr period. Seed yield increased 30% where asulam (methyl sulfanilylcarbamate) was applied at 4.5 kg/ha, but there was no visible effect on the growth of either alfalfa or weeds. Simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis (ethylamino)- s -triazine], propham (isopropyl carbanilate) + PCMC ( p -chlorophenyl- N -methyl carbamate), pronamide [3,5-dichloro( N -1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl)benzamide], and diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea], did not affect alfalfa seed production significantly, although simazine and diuron did reduce dandelion populations.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D at 1.1 kg/ha reduced alfalfa seed yield by 32% over a 4-yr period.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativa
Medicago sativat0 - Treatment
- Applications of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] at 1.1 kg/ha at the start of each growing seasone1
- Outcome
- seed yielde2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- 32%e2
- Qualifier
- over a 4-yr periode2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Applications of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] at 1.1 kg/ha at the start of each growing season”
e2“reduced seed yield 32% over a 4-yr period”
t0“Chemical Control of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) and Perennial Sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis) in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Grown for Seed”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D at 1.1 kg/ha severely damaged established alfalfa.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Applications of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] at 1.1 kg/ha at the start of each growing seasone1
- Outcome
- severely damagede3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Applications of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] at 1.1 kg/ha at the start of each growing season”
e3“severely damaged established alfalfa”
t0“Chemical Control of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) and Perennial Sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis) in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Grown for Seed”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D reduced dandelion populations.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Applications of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] at 1.1 kg/ha at the start of each growing seasone1
- Interactor
- Taraxacum officinale
Taraxacum officinalee4weed - Outcome
- populationse4
- Direction
- reducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Applications of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] at 1.1 kg/ha at the start of each growing season”
e4“Dandelion ( Taraxacum officinale Weber) populations were reduced”
t0“Chemical Control of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) and Perennial Sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis) in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Grown for Seed”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D increased the frequency of perennial sowthistle.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Applications of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] at 1.1 kg/ha at the start of each growing seasone1
- Interactor
- Sonchus arvensis
.jpg?width=60)
Sonchus arvensise5weed - Outcome
- frequencye5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“Applications of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] at 1.1 kg/ha at the start of each growing season”
e5“perennial sowthistle ( Sonchus arvensis L.) increased in frequency”
t0“Chemical Control of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) and Perennial Sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis) in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Grown for Seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Dichlobenil at 2.1 kg/ha controlled dandelion and perennial sowthistle.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Dichlobenil (2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile) applied at 2.1 kg/hae6
- Interactor
- dandelionTaraxacum officinalee6weed
- Second interactor
- perennial sowthistlee6weed
- Outcome
- controllede6
- Direction
- controllede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Dichlobenil (2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile) applied at 2.1 kg/ha controlled both dandelion and perennial sowthistle”
t0“Chemical Control of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) and Perennial Sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis) in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Grown for Seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Dichlobenil at 2.1 kg/ha increased alfalfa seed yield in 2 years out of 4 after initial damage.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Dichlobenil (2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile) applied at 2.1 kg/hae6
- Outcome
- seed yielde7
- Direction
- increasee7
- Value
- 2 yr out of 4e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Dichlobenil (2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile) applied at 2.1 kg/ha controlled both dandelion and perennial sowthistle”
e7“Alfalfa was damaged initially but rapid recovery resulted in an increase in seed yield in 2 yr out of 4”
t0“Chemical Control of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) and Perennial Sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis) in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Grown for Seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Dichlobenil at 2.1 kg/ha initially damaged alfalfa.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Dichlobenil (2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile) applied at 2.1 kg/hae6
- Outcome
- damagede7
- Qualifier
- initiallye7
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Dichlobenil (2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile) applied at 2.1 kg/ha controlled both dandelion and perennial sowthistle”
e7“Alfalfa was damaged initially”
t0“Chemical Control of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) and Perennial Sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis) in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Grown for Seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Terbacil at 1.1 kg/ha controlled dandelion and perennial sowthistle.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Terbacil (3- tert -butyl-5-chloro-6-methyluracil) applied at 1.1 kg/hae5
- Interactor
- dandelionTaraxacum officinalee5weed
- Second interactor
- perennial sowthistlee5weed
- Outcome
- controllede5
- Direction
- controllede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Terbacil (3- tert -butyl-5-chloro-6-methyluracil) applied at 1.1 kg/ha also controlled dandelion and perennial sowthistle”
t0“Chemical Control of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) and Perennial Sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis) in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Grown for Seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Terbacil at 1.1 kg/ha caused no visible alfalfa damage.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Terbacil (3- tert -butyl-5-chloro-6-methyluracil) applied at 1.1 kg/hae5
- Outcome
- alfalfa damagee6
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Terbacil (3- tert -butyl-5-chloro-6-methyluracil) applied at 1.1 kg/ha also controlled dandelion and perennial sowthistle”
e6“No alfalfa damage was evident”
t0“Chemical Control of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) and Perennial Sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis) in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Grown for Seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Terbacil at 1.1 kg/ha increased alfalfa seed yield by 34% over a 3-year period.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Terbacil (3- tert -butyl-5-chloro-6-methyluracil) applied at 1.1 kg/hae5
- Outcome
- seed yieldse7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Value
- 34%e7
- Qualifier
- over a 3-yr periode7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Terbacil (3- tert -butyl-5-chloro-6-methyluracil) applied at 1.1 kg/ha also controlled dandelion and perennial sowthistle”
e7“seed yields were increased 34% over a 3-yr period”
t0“Chemical Control of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) and Perennial Sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis) in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Grown for Seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Asulam at 4.5 kg/ha increased alfalfa seed yield by 30%.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- asulam (methyl sulfanilylcarbamate) was applied at 4.5 kg/hae5
- Outcome
- Seed yielde5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 30%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Seed yield increased 30% where asulam (methyl sulfanilylcarbamate) was applied at 4.5 kg/ha”
t0“Chemical Control of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) and Perennial Sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis) in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Grown for Seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Asulam at 4.5 kg/ha had no visible effect on the growth of alfalfa or weeds.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- asulam (methyl sulfanilylcarbamate) was applied at 4.5 kg/hae5
- Interactor
- weedse6weed
- Outcome
- growthe6
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Seed yield increased 30% where asulam (methyl sulfanilylcarbamate) was applied at 4.5 kg/ha”
e6“there was no visible effect on the growth of either alfalfa or weeds”
t0“Chemical Control of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) and Perennial Sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis) in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Grown for Seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Simazine did not significantly affect alfalfa seed production.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Simazinee5
- Outcome
- alfalfa seed productione5
- Direction
- did not affecte5
- Qualifier
- significantlye5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis (ethylamino)- s -triazine], propham (isopropyl carbanilate) + PCMC ( p -chlorophenyl- N -methyl carbamate), pronamide [3,5-dichloro( N -1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl)benzamide], and diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea], did not affect alfalfa seed production significantly”
t0“Chemical Control of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) and Perennial Sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis) in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Grown for Seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Propham plus PCMC did not significantly affect alfalfa seed production.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- propham (isopropyl carbanilate) + PCMCe5
- Outcome
- alfalfa seed productione5
- Direction
- did not affecte5
- Qualifier
- significantlye5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis (ethylamino)- s -triazine], propham (isopropyl carbanilate) + PCMC ( p -chlorophenyl- N -methyl carbamate), pronamide [3,5-dichloro( N -1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl)benzamide], and diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea], did not affect alfalfa seed production significantly”
t0“Chemical Control of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) and Perennial Sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis) in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Grown for Seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Pronamide did not significantly affect alfalfa seed production.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- pronamidee5
- Outcome
- alfalfa seed productione5
- Direction
- did not affecte5
- Qualifier
- significantlye5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis (ethylamino)- s -triazine], propham (isopropyl carbanilate) + PCMC ( p -chlorophenyl- N -methyl carbamate), pronamide [3,5-dichloro( N -1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl)benzamide], and diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea], did not affect alfalfa seed production significantly”
t0“Chemical Control of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) and Perennial Sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis) in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Grown for Seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Diuron did not significantly affect alfalfa seed production.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- diurone5
- Outcome
- alfalfa seed productione5
- Direction
- did not affecte5
- Qualifier
- significantlye5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis (ethylamino)- s -triazine], propham (isopropyl carbanilate) + PCMC ( p -chlorophenyl- N -methyl carbamate), pronamide [3,5-dichloro( N -1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl)benzamide], and diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea], did not affect alfalfa seed production significantly”
t0“Chemical Control of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) and Perennial Sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis) in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Grown for Seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Simazine reduced dandelion populations.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- simazinee5
- Interactor
- dandelionTaraxacum officinalee5weed
- Outcome
- dandelion populationse5
- Direction
- reducee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“although simazine and diuron did reduce dandelion populations”
t0“Chemical Control of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) and Perennial Sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis) in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Grown for Seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Diuron reduced dandelion populations.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- diurone5
- Interactor
- dandelionTaraxacum officinalee5weed
- Outcome
- dandelion populationse5
- Direction
- reducee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“although simazine and diuron did reduce dandelion populations”
t0“Chemical Control of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) and Perennial Sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis) in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Grown for Seed”
The same questions in other papers
Terbacil · yield · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results differ
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →simazine · yield · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results differ
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →propham · yield · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
2,4-D · yield · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
diuron · yield · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
propyzamide · yield · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
8 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →2,4-D · Taraxacum officinale · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Terbacil · Taraxacum officinale · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.