Abstract
Selective control of downy brome ( Bromus tectorum L.) in alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) was studied in 1971 and 1972. Herbicidal efficacy and alfalfa tolerance, yield, and percent and total protein were observed. The weed population was composed of almost 100% downy brome in 1971 and 1972. Herbicide treatments were applied early and late winter when both alfalfa and downy brome were dormant. Five herbicides afforded virtually complete downy brome control in 1971: pronamide [3,5-dichloro- N -(1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl) benzamide] at 0.84 and 1.40 kg/ha, simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)- s -triazine] at 1.12 kg/ha, terbacil (3- tert -butyl-5-chloro-6-methyluracil) at 0.84 kg/ha, paraquat (1–1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion) at 0.56 kg/ha and cyanazine {2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)- s -triazin-2-yl] amino]-2-methylpropionitrile} at 3.4 kg/ha. All herbicide treatments reduced downy brome yields in 1972. Significantly higher alfalfa yields were closely related with lower downy brome yields. In 1972, alfalfa treated with propham (isopropyl carbanilate), cyanazine, pronamide and terbacil also was higher in second cutting yields than the control. Twelve of the 23 treatments, including all triazine herbicides, increased first harvest alfalfa protein percentage in 1972 although differences were not observed in 1971. Alachlor [2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl- N -(methoxymethyl)-acetanilide] spring-applied in 1971 at 5.62 kg/ha was the only treatment causing visual alfalfa injury.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Pronamide at 0.84 and 1.40 kg/ha gave virtually complete control of downy brome in alfalfa in 1971.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativae1 - Treatment
- pronamide [3,5-dichloro- N -(1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl) benzamide] at 0.84 and 1.40 kg/hae3
- Interactor
- downy brome
Bromus tectorume2weed - Outcome
- downy brome controle2
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede2
- Value
- virtually completee2
- Qualifier
- in 1971e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Selective control of downy brome ( Bromus tectorum L.) in alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)”
e2“Five herbicides afforded virtually complete downy brome control in 1971”
e3“pronamide [3,5-dichloro- N -(1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl) benzamide] at 0.84 and 1.40 kg/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Simazine at 1.12 kg/ha gave virtually complete control of downy brome in alfalfa in 1971.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)- s -triazine] at 1.12 kg/hae3
- Interactor
- downy bromeBromus tectorume2weed
- Outcome
- downy brome controle2
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede2
- Value
- virtually completee2
- Qualifier
- in 1971e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Selective control of downy brome ( Bromus tectorum L.) in alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)”
e2“Five herbicides afforded virtually complete downy brome control in 1971”
e3“simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)- s -triazine] at 1.12 kg/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Terbacil at 0.84 kg/ha gave virtually complete control of downy brome in alfalfa in 1971.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- terbacil (3- tert -butyl-5-chloro-6-methyluracil) at 0.84 kg/hae3
- Interactor
- downy bromeBromus tectorume2weed
- Outcome
- downy brome controle2
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede2
- Value
- virtually completee2
- Qualifier
- in 1971e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Selective control of downy brome ( Bromus tectorum L.) in alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)”
e2“Five herbicides afforded virtually complete downy brome control in 1971”
e3“terbacil (3- tert -butyl-5-chloro-6-methyluracil) at 0.84 kg/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat at 0.56 kg/ha gave virtually complete control of downy brome in alfalfa in 1971.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- paraquat (1–1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion) at 0.56 kg/hae3
- Interactor
- downy bromeBromus tectorume2weed
- Outcome
- downy brome controle2
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede2
- Value
- virtually completee2
- Qualifier
- in 1971e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Selective control of downy brome ( Bromus tectorum L.) in alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)”
e2“Five herbicides afforded virtually complete downy brome control in 1971”
e3“paraquat (1–1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion) at 0.56 kg/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Cyanazine at 3.4 kg/ha gave virtually complete control of downy brome in alfalfa in 1971.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- cyanazine {2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)- s -triazin-2-yl] amino]-2-methylpropionitrile} at 3.4 kg/hae3
- Interactor
- downy bromeBromus tectorume2weed
- Outcome
- downy brome controle2
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede2
- Value
- virtually completee2
- Qualifier
- in 1971e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Selective control of downy brome ( Bromus tectorum L.) in alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)”
e2“Five herbicides afforded virtually complete downy brome control in 1971”
e3“cyanazine {2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)- s -triazin-2-yl] amino]-2-methylpropionitrile} at 3.4 kg/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
All herbicide treatments reduced downy brome yields in alfalfa in 1972.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- All herbicide treatmentse2
- Interactor
- downy bromeBromus tectorume2weed
- Outcome
- downy brome yieldse2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Qualifier
- in 1972e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Selective control of downy brome ( Bromus tectorum L.) in alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)”
e2“All herbicide treatments reduced downy brome yields in 1972”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher alfalfa yields were significantly related to lower downy brome yields.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Interactor
- downy bromeBromus tectorume2weed
- Outcome
- alfalfa yieldse2
- Direction
- highere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Selective control of downy brome ( Bromus tectorum L.) in alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)”
e2“Significantly higher alfalfa yields were closely related with lower downy brome yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Propham increased second-cutting alfalfa yield over the control in 1972.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- propham (isopropyl carbanilate)e1
- Outcome
- second cutting yieldse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Qualifier
- In 1972e1
- Comparator
- the controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In 1972, alfalfa treated with propham (isopropyl carbanilate), cyanazine, pronamide and terbacil also was higher in second cutting yields than the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Cyanazine increased second-cutting alfalfa yield over the control in 1972.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- cyanazinee1
- Outcome
- second cutting yieldse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Qualifier
- In 1972e1
- Comparator
- the controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In 1972, alfalfa treated with propham (isopropyl carbanilate), cyanazine, pronamide and terbacil also was higher in second cutting yields than the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Pronamide increased second-cutting alfalfa yield over the control in 1972.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- pronamidee1
- Outcome
- second cutting yieldse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Qualifier
- In 1972e1
- Comparator
- the controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In 1972, alfalfa treated with propham (isopropyl carbanilate), cyanazine, pronamide and terbacil also was higher in second cutting yields than the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Terbacil increased second-cutting alfalfa yield over the control in 1972.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- terbacile1
- Outcome
- second cutting yieldse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Qualifier
- In 1972e1
- Comparator
- the controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In 1972, alfalfa treated with propham (isopropyl carbanilate), cyanazine, pronamide and terbacil also was higher in second cutting yields than the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Twelve of the 23 treatments increased first-harvest alfalfa protein percentage in 1972.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- Twelve of the 23 treatmentse1
- Outcome
- first harvest alfalfa protein percentagee1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- including all triazine herbicidese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Twelve of the 23 treatments, including all triazine herbicides, increased first harvest alfalfa protein percentage in 1972 although differences were not observed in 1971”
Claim · model-written summary
All triazine herbicides increased first-harvest alfalfa protein percentage in 1972.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- all triazine herbicidese1
- Outcome
- first harvest alfalfa protein percentagee1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- in 1972e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Twelve of the 23 treatments, including all triazine herbicides, increased first harvest alfalfa protein percentage in 1972 although differences were not observed in 1971”
Claim · model-written summary
No differences in first-harvest alfalfa protein percentage among the treatments were observed in 1971.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- Twelve of the 23 treatmentse1
- Outcome
- differencese1
- Qualifier
- in 1971e1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Twelve of the 23 treatments, including all triazine herbicides, increased first harvest alfalfa protein percentage in 1972 although differences were not observed in 1971”
Claim · model-written summary
The weed population in the alfalfa trial was almost 100% downy brome in 1971 and 1972.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Interactor
- downy bromeBromus tectorume2weed
- Outcome
- weed populatione2
- Value
- almost 100%e2
- Qualifier
- in 1971 and 1972e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Selective control of downy brome ( Bromus tectorum L.) in alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)”
e2“The weed population was composed of almost 100% downy brome in 1971 and 1972”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring-applied alachlor at 5.62 kg/ha was the only treatment causing visual injury to alfalfa in 1971.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- Alachlor [2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl- N -(methoxymethyl)-acetanilide] spring-applied in 1971 at 5.62 kg/hae1
- Outcome
- visual alfalfa injurye1
- Qualifier
- the only treatmente1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Alachlor [2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl- N -(methoxymethyl)-acetanilide] spring-applied in 1971 at 5.62 kg/ha was the only treatment causing visual alfalfa injury”
The same questions in other papers
cyanazine · yield · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results differ
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
Terbacil · yield · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results differ
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →propham · yield · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
propyzamide · yield · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →propyzamide · Bromus tectorum · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Terbacil · Bromus tectorum · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
paraquat · Bromus tectorum · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
herbicide · quality: protein · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- no effect
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.