Abstract
ABSTRACT Three field experiments were conducted on Gray Luvisol (Typic Cryoboralf) soils in northeastern Saskatchewan to compare the effects of alfalfa (Medicago sativa Leyss) stand termination with tillage and herbicides at different times on mineral nitrogen (N) (ammonium-N and nitrate-N) and moisture content of soil in spring (experiments 1 and 2), soil moisture, volunteer alfalfa and dandelion control, plant density, seed yield, protein concentration and N uptake for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L), canola (Brassica rapa L.), and pea (Pisum sativum L.) crops (experiment 3). Termination treatments included combinations of times (in mid-June after cut 1, in mid-August after cut 2 and in mid-May during spring) and methods [tillage alone, herbicides alone (glyphosate + 2,4-D amine and also clopyralid + 2,4-D ester in experiment 3) and these herbicides + tillage]. Tillage alone significantly increased spring soil nitrate-N levels over herbicides alone or herbicides + tillage. Termination after cut 1 had the highest levels of soil nitrate-N. There was little effect of time and method of termination on soil ammonium-N and moisture content in spring. Herbicides + tillage generally provided better control of both volunteer alfalfa and dandelion in the four crops than tillage or herbicides alone. In general, alfalfa termination with herbicides alone significantly reduced plant density, seed yield, and N uptake of all crops and protein concentration of cereals only due to effects on levels of soil nitrate-N, dandelion control, and crop injury by clopyralid or 2,4-D residues in soil. Plant density, seed yield, N uptake and protein concentration of crops tended to decline with delay in termination time. The results of this study support the use of some tillage in alfalfa stand termination in helping to control volunteer alfalfa and dandelion and optimize annual crop yields and quality.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage alone significantly increased spring soil nitrate-N levels compared with herbicides alone or herbicides plus tillage.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativae0 - Treatment
- Tillage alonee1
- Outcome
- spring soil nitrate-N levelse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- herbicides alone or herbicides + tillagee1
- Setting
- northeastern Saskatchewane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three field experiments were conducted on Gray Luvisol (Typic Cryoboralf) soils in northeastern Saskatchewan to compare the effects of alfalfa (Medicago sativa Leyss) stand termination with tillage and herbicides at different times”
e1“Tillage alone significantly increased spring soil nitrate-N levels over herbicides alone or herbicides + tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
Termination after cut 1 gave the highest spring soil nitrate-N levels.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- Termination after cut 1e2
- Outcome
- levels of soil nitrate-Ne2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Setting
- northeastern Saskatchewane0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three field experiments were conducted on Gray Luvisol (Typic Cryoboralf) soils in northeastern Saskatchewan to compare the effects of alfalfa (Medicago sativa Leyss) stand termination with tillage and herbicides at different times”
e2“Termination after cut 1 had the highest levels of soil nitrate-N”
Claim · model-written summary
Time and method of alfalfa termination had little effect on spring soil ammonium-N and moisture content.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- time and method of terminatione3
- Outcome
- soil ammonium-N and moisture contente3
- Direction
- little effecte3
- Setting
- northeastern Saskatchewane0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three field experiments were conducted on Gray Luvisol (Typic Cryoboralf) soils in northeastern Saskatchewan to compare the effects of alfalfa (Medicago sativa Leyss) stand termination with tillage and herbicides at different times”
e3“There was little effect of time and method of termination on soil ammonium-N and moisture content in spring”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides plus tillage generally gave better control of volunteer alfalfa and dandelion in four crops than tillage or herbicides alone.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- Herbicides + tillagee4
- Interactor
- dandelion
Taraxacum officinalee4weed - Outcome
- control of both volunteer alfalfa and dandelione4
- Direction
- bettere4
- Qualifier
- in the four cropse4
- Comparator
- tillage or herbicides alonee4
- Setting
- northeastern Saskatchewane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three field experiments were conducted on Gray Luvisol (Typic Cryoboralf) soils in northeastern Saskatchewan to compare the effects of alfalfa (Medicago sativa Leyss) stand termination with tillage and herbicides at different times”
e4“Herbicides + tillage generally provided better control of both volunteer alfalfa and dandelion in the four crops than tillage or herbicides alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Alfalfa termination with herbicides alone significantly reduced plant density, seed yield and N uptake of all crops.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- alfalfa termination with herbicides alonee2
- Outcome
- plant density, seed yield, and N uptakee2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Qualifier
- of all cropse2
- Setting
- northeastern Saskatchewane0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three field experiments were conducted on Gray Luvisol (Typic Cryoboralf) soils in northeastern Saskatchewan to compare the effects of alfalfa (Medicago sativa Leyss) stand termination with tillage and herbicides at different times”
e2“alfalfa termination with herbicides alone significantly reduced plant density, seed yield, and N uptake of all crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Alfalfa termination with herbicides alone significantly reduced protein concentration of cereals, through soil nitrate-N, dandelion control and clopyralid or 2,4-D residue injury.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- alfalfa termination with herbicides alonee5
- Compound
- clopyralid or 2,4-De5
- Outcome
- protein concentration of cerealse5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Qualifier
- only due to effects on levels of soil nitrate-N, dandelion control, and crop injury by clopyralid or 2,4-D residues in soile5
- Setting
- northeastern Saskatchewane0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three field experiments were conducted on Gray Luvisol (Typic Cryoboralf) soils in northeastern Saskatchewan to compare the effects of alfalfa (Medicago sativa Leyss) stand termination with tillage and herbicides at different times”
e5“alfalfa termination with herbicides alone significantly reduced plant density, seed yield, and N uptake of all crops and protein concentration of cereals only due to effects on levels of soil nitrate-N, dandelion control, and crop injury by clopyralid or 2,4-D residues in soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Delaying alfalfa termination tended to reduce plant density, seed yield and N uptake of crops.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- delay in termination timee6
- Outcome
- Plant density, seed yield, N uptakee6
- Direction
- tended to declinee6
- Setting
- northeastern Saskatchewane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three field experiments were conducted on Gray Luvisol (Typic Cryoboralf) soils in northeastern Saskatchewan to compare the effects of alfalfa (Medicago sativa Leyss) stand termination with tillage and herbicides at different times”
e6“Plant density, seed yield, N uptake and protein concentration of crops tended to decline with delay in termination time”
Claim · model-written summary
Delaying alfalfa termination tended to reduce protein concentration of crops.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- delay in termination timee6
- Outcome
- protein concentration of cropse6
- Direction
- tended to declinee6
- Setting
- northeastern Saskatchewane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three field experiments were conducted on Gray Luvisol (Typic Cryoboralf) soils in northeastern Saskatchewan to compare the effects of alfalfa (Medicago sativa Leyss) stand termination with tillage and herbicides at different times”
e6“Plant density, seed yield, N uptake and protein concentration of crops tended to decline with delay in termination time”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend some tillage in alfalfa stand termination to control volunteer alfalfa and dandelion and to optimize annual crop yield and quality.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- some tillage in alfalfa stand terminatione7
- Outcome
- control volunteer alfalfa and dandelione7
- Qualifier
- optimize annual crop yields and qualitye7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three field experiments were conducted on Gray Luvisol (Typic Cryoboralf) soils in northeastern Saskatchewan to compare the effects of alfalfa (Medicago sativa Leyss) stand termination with tillage and herbicides at different times”
e7“The results of this study support the use of some tillage in alfalfa stand termination in helping to control volunteer alfalfa and dandelion and optimize annual crop yields and quality”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.