Abstract
Field trials were conducted in 2005 and 2006 in central and southwest Missouri to investigate the effect of seeding rate and herbicide programs on weed control, forage quality, and yield within the year of establishment in spring seeded glyphosate‐resistant (GR) alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.). In all experiments, EPTC (4.4 kg ha −1 ), 2,4‐DB plus sethoxydim (1.1 plus 0.21 kg ha −1 ), imazamox (0.043 kg ha −1 ) and glyphosate (0.86 kg ae ha −1 ) were applied to GR alfalfa that was seeded at 4.5, 8.9, 13.5, and 18 kg ha −1 Across all locations, the glyphosate application provided good control of weeds regardless of alfalfa seeding rate. When applied at the same timing, imazamox provided similar levels of annual broadleaf weed control as glyphosate, while 2, 4‐DB plus sethoxydim provided similar levels of annual grass and broadleaf weed control as glyphosate. Neither glyphosate nor the conventional herbicide treatments reduced alfalfa stem density between the first and last annual harvests, but 2, 4‐DB plus sethoxydim resulted in the most visual injury to seedling alfalfa stands and lowered initial yields at all locations. In addition, alfalfa annual yields were similar or higher in the glyphosate treatment compared to the other herbicide programs. Harvested forage in the herbicide treatments generally had greater crude protein (CP) content than the untreated control forage. Application of glyphosate resulted in similar or higher forage CP content compared to conventional herbicide treatments. In vitro true digestibility of the harvested GR alfalfa ranged from 750 to 860 g kg −1 DM at all locations with few differences across herbicide treatments.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate controlled weeds well regardless of alfalfa seeding rate.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativae0 - Treatment
- glyphosate applicatione0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- control of weedse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Across all locations, the glyphosate application provided good control of weeds regardless of alfalfa seeding rate.”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazamox and glyphosate gave similar annual broadleaf weed control.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- imazamoxe0
- Interactor
- annual broadleaf weede0weed
- Outcome
- annual broadleaf weed controle0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- glyphosatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“imazamox provided similar levels of annual broadleaf weed control as glyphosate”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
2, 4-DB plus sethoxydim and glyphosate gave similar annual grass and broadleaf weed control.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- 2, 4‐DB plus sethoxydime0
- Interactor
- annual grass and broadleaf weede0weed
- Outcome
- annual grass and broadleaf weed controle0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- glyphosatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2, 4‐DB plus sethoxydim provided similar levels of annual grass and broadleaf weed control as glyphosate.”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate did not reduce alfalfa stem density between harvests.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- alfalfa stem densitye0
- Direction
- Neithere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neither glyphosate nor the conventional herbicide treatments reduced alfalfa stem density between the first and last annual harvests”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional herbicides did not reduce alfalfa stem density between harvests.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- conventional herbicide treatmentse0
- Outcome
- alfalfa stem densitye0
- Direction
- Neithere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neither glyphosate nor the conventional herbicide treatments reduced alfalfa stem density between the first and last annual harvests”
Claim · model-written summary
2, 4-DB plus sethoxydim caused the most visual seedling injury.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- 2, 4‐DB plus sethoxydime0
- Outcome
- visual injury to seedling alfalfa standse0
- Direction
- moste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2, 4‐DB plus sethoxydim resulted in the most visual injury to seedling alfalfa stands and lowered initial yields at all locations.”
Claim · model-written summary
2, 4-DB plus sethoxydim lowered initial yields at all locations.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- 2, 4‐DB plus sethoxydime0
- Outcome
- initial yieldse0
- Direction
- lowerede0
- Qualifier
- at all locationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2, 4‐DB plus sethoxydim resulted in the most visual injury to seedling alfalfa stands and lowered initial yields at all locations.”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate produced similar or higher annual yields than other herbicide programs.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- glyphosate treatmente0
- Outcome
- alfalfa annual yieldse0
- Direction
- similar or highere0
- Comparator
- other herbicide programse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“alfalfa annual yields were similar or higher in the glyphosate treatment compared to the other herbicide programs.”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide treatments generally increased crude protein relative to untreated forage.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- herbicide treatmentse0
- Outcome
- crude protein (CP) contente0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- untreated control foragee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Harvested forage in the herbicide treatments generally had greater crude protein (CP) content than the untreated control forage.”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate gave similar or higher forage crude protein than conventional herbicides.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Application of glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- forage CP contente0
- Direction
- similar or highere0
- Comparator
- conventional herbicide treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of glyphosate resulted in similar or higher forage CP content compared to conventional herbicide treatments.”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro true digestibility ranged from 750 to 860 g kg −1 DM with few treatment differences.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Outcome
- In vitro true digestibilitye0
- Direction
- few differencese0
- Value
- 750 to 860 g kg −1 DMe0
- Comparator
- herbicide treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In vitro true digestibility of the harvested GR alfalfa ranged from 750 to 860 g kg −1 DM at all locations with few differences across herbicide treatments.”
The same questions in other papers
glyphosate · organism · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results differ
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →glyphosate · yield · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results differ
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
- positive
15 papers more in this group
See all 19 papers →Sethoxydim · yield · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- no effect
Sethoxydim · weed · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →glyphosate · weed · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →imazamox · weed · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
Sethoxydim · crop injury · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
glyphosate · quality: protein · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.