Abstract
In this study, we investigated the extent and physiological bases of yield variation due to row spacing and plant density configuration in the mungbean [ Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] variety “Crystal” grown in different subtropical environments. Field trials were conducted in six production environments; one rain-fed and one irrigated trial each at Biloela and Emerald, and one rain-fed trial each at Hermitage and Kingaroy sites in Queensland, Australia. In each trial, six combinations of spatial arrangement of plants, achieved through two inter-row spacings of 1 m or 0.9 m (wide row), 0.5 m or 0.3 m (narrow row), with three plant densities, 20, 30 and 40 plants/m 2 , were compared. The narrow row spacing resulted in 22% higher shoot dry matter and 14% more yield compared to the wide rows. The yield advantage of narrow rows ranged from 10% to 36% in the two irrigated and three rain-fed trials. However, yield loss of up to 10% was also recorded from narrow rows at Emerald where the crop suffered severe drought. Neither the effects of plant density, nor the interaction between plant density and row spacing, however, were significant in any trial. The yield advantage of narrow rows was related to 22% more intercepted radiation. In addition, simulations by the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator model, using site-specific agronomy, soil and weather information, suggested that narrow rows had proportionately greater use of soil water through transpiration, compared to evaporation resulting in higher yield per mm of soil water. The long-term simulation of yield probabilities over 123 years for the two row configurations showed that the mungbean crop planted in narrow rows could produce up to 30% higher grain yield compared to wide rows in 95% of the seasons.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Narrow row spacing gave 22% higher shoot dry matter than wide rows in mungbean.
- Taxon
- mungbean
.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiatae0 - Material
- Crystale0
- Treatment
- narrow row spacinge1
- Outcome
- shoot dry mattere1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 22%e1
- Comparator
- wide rowse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“in the mungbean [ Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] variety “Crystal” grown in different subtropical environments”
e1“The narrow row spacing resulted in 22% higher shoot dry matter and 14% more yield compared to the wide rows”
Claim · model-written summary
Narrow row spacing gave 14% more yield than wide rows in mungbean.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatae0
- Material
- Crystale0
- Treatment
- narrow row spacinge1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- moree1
- Value
- 14%e1
- Comparator
- wide rowse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the mungbean [ Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] variety “Crystal” grown in different subtropical environments”
e1“The narrow row spacing resulted in 22% higher shoot dry matter and 14% more yield compared to the wide rows”
Claim · model-written summary
The yield advantage of narrow rows in mungbean ranged from 10% to 36% across irrigated and rain-fed trials.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatae0
- Material
- Crystale0
- Treatment
- narrow rowse1
- Outcome
- yield advantagee1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Value
- 10% to 36%e1
- Setting
- the two irrigated and three rain-fed trialse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the mungbean [ Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] variety “Crystal” grown in different subtropical environments”
e1“The yield advantage of narrow rows ranged from 10% to 36% in the two irrigated and three rain-fed trials”
Claim · model-written summary
Narrow rows lost up to 10% yield at Emerald, where the crop suffered severe drought.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatae0
- Material
- Crystale0
- Treatment
- narrow rowse1
- Outcome
- yield losse1
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede1
- Value
- up to 10%e1
- Qualifier
- severe droughte1
- Setting
- Emeralde1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the mungbean [ Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] variety “Crystal” grown in different subtropical environments”
e1“However, yield loss of up to 10% was also recorded from narrow rows at Emerald where the crop suffered severe drought”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant density had no significant effect on mungbean in any trial.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatae0
- Material
- Crystale0
- Treatment
- plant densitye1
- Outcome
- effects of plant densitye1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
- Qualifier
- in any triale1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the mungbean [ Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] variety “Crystal” grown in different subtropical environments”
e1“Neither the effects of plant density, nor the interaction between plant density and row spacing, however, were significant in any trial”
Claim · model-written summary
The interaction between plant density and row spacing had no significant effect on mungbean in any trial.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatae0
- Material
- Crystale0
- Treatment
- row spacinge1
- Outcome
- interaction between plant density and row spacinge1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
- Qualifier
- in any triale1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the mungbean [ Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] variety “Crystal” grown in different subtropical environments”
e1“Neither the effects of plant density, nor the interaction between plant density and row spacing, however, were significant in any trial”
Claim · model-written summary
The yield advantage of narrow rows in mungbean was related to 22% more intercepted radiation.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatae0
- Material
- Crystale0
- Treatment
- narrow rowse1
- Outcome
- intercepted radiatione1
- Direction
- moree1
- Value
- 22%e1
- Qualifier
- yield advantage of narrow rows was related toe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the mungbean [ Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] variety “Crystal” grown in different subtropical environments”
e1“The yield advantage of narrow rows was related to 22% more intercepted radiation”
Claim · model-written summary
Simulations suggested narrow rows had greater soil-water use through transpiration than evaporation in mungbean.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatae0
- Material
- Crystale0
- Treatment
- narrow rowse1
- Outcome
- use of soil water through transpiratione1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Comparator
- evaporatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the mungbean [ Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] variety “Crystal” grown in different subtropical environments”
e1“suggested that narrow rows had proportionately greater use of soil water through transpiration, compared to evaporation resulting in higher yield per mm of soil water”
Claim · model-written summary
Simulations suggested narrow rows gave higher yield per mm of soil water in mungbean.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatae0
- Material
- Crystale0
- Treatment
- narrow rowse1
- Outcome
- yield per mm of soil watere1
- Direction
- highere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the mungbean [ Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] variety “Crystal” grown in different subtropical environments”
e1“suggested that narrow rows had proportionately greater use of soil water through transpiration, compared to evaporation resulting in higher yield per mm of soil water”
Claim · model-written summary
Long-term simulation over 123 years indicated narrow rows could give up to 30% higher grain yield than wide rows in 95% of seasons.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatae0
- Material
- Crystale0
- Treatment
- narrow rowse1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- up to 30%e1
- Qualifier
- in 95% of the seasonse1
- Comparator
- wide rowse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the mungbean [ Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] variety “Crystal” grown in different subtropical environments”
e1“The long-term simulation of yield probabilities over 123 years for the two row configurations showed that the mungbean crop planted in narrow rows could produce up to 30% higher grain yield compared to wide rows in 95% of the seasons”
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